What is TP1/C12000 copper?
TP1 copper alloy is a phosphorus-deoxidized copper, belonging to the category of high-purity copper materials. It exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and workability. The designation "TP" stands for "Tough Pitch" or "Deoxidized Phosphorus Copper," with the numeral "1" indicating a variant with lower phosphorus content. Through phosphorus deoxidation, the alloy effectively reduces oxygen content, preventing hydrogen embrittlement while retaining the inherent properties of copper. It is widely used in precision electronics, heat exchangers, and piping systems.
Chemical Composition
The primary components of TP1 are copper (Cu) and trace amounts of phosphorus (P), with the following composition by mass percentage:
Copper (Cu): ≥99.9%
Phosphorus (P): 0.004%–0.012%
Other impurities (e.g., Fe, Pb, etc.): ≤0.1%
The addition of phosphorus significantly enhances the material's resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and improves weldability, while maintaining the high electrical conductivity typical of pure copper.
Physical and Mechanical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Conductivity ≥98% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), approaching the level of pure copper.
Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity approximately 380 W/(m·K), making it suitable for heat dissipation components.
Mechanical Properties (Annealed State):
Tensile Strength: 200–250 MPa
Elongation: ≥35%
Hardness: 40–60 HV
Corrosion Resistance: Resistant to atmospheric, water, and non-oxidizing acid corrosion. Protection is required in environments containing sulfur or ammonia.
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Cold Workability: Can be formed through processes such as cold rolling and drawing, with moderate work-hardening rates.
Weldability: The phosphorus deoxidation process makes it suitable for brazing and gas-shielded welding, with high joint strength.
Annealing Treatment: Annealing at 500–600°C is recommended to relieve stress and restore ductility.
Typical Application Scenarios
Electronics and Electrical Applications: Conductive components such as wires, relays, and transformer windings.
Heat Exchange Equipment: Components requiring high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, such as condenser tubes and evaporator tubes.
Piping Systems: Applications in building water supply and drainage, refrigeration pipelines, particularly suited for scenarios requiring high bending and forming capabilities.
Precision Components: High-purity parts such as instrument springs and waveguide tubes.
Advantages and Precautions
Advantages: High electrical and thermal conductivity, good ductility, resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, and ease of welding.
Precautions: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing media; annealing is recommended after cold working to prevent stress cracking.
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FAQ
| What's the difference between C11000 (ETP) and C12000 (DHP)? C11000 (ETP – Electrolytic Tough Pitch) contains oxygen and may suffer from hydrogen embrittlement in reducing atmospheres. C12000 is deoxidized with phosphorus, making it suitable for brazing, welding, and high-temperature applications without embrittlement risk. |
| Can C12000 copper be welded or brazed easily? Yes, C12000 is highly weldable and brazeable due to its deoxidized nature. Autogenous welding and brazing can be performed without flux when joining copper-to-copper. |
| What are the main applications of C12000 copper tubes? It's widely used in HVAC/R (heat exchangers, condensers), plumbing, medical gas systems, industrial fluid lines, and electrical busbars. |
| Does C12000 copper corrode in water systems? It has excellent corrosion resistance in clean, non-aggressive water. However, like all copper, it can be affected by acidic water, high-velocity flow, or certain chemicals (e.g., ammonia, sulfides). |
| Is C12000 suitable for underground water lines? Yes, especially when using Type K thick-walled tubing for burial. Its corrosion resistance and strength make it a durable choice for direct burial when soil conditions are non-aggressive. |
| What standards cover C12000 copper tubes? ASTM B75 (seamless), B280 (ACR tubes), EN 12735-1, and JIS H3300 are key standards for tubing. ASTM B152 covers sheet/plate forms. |
| What tempers are available for C12000 tubing? Common tempers are annealed (soft, O60), drawn (hard, H58), and light-drawn (H55). Annealed offers maximum formability; drawn provides higher strength. |
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We are a specialized manufacturer of premium copper products, including rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips. Our factory strictly adheres to international standards such as ASTM, EN, JIS, and GB, ensuring material compliance for global markets. Equipped with modern production lines-including continuous casting for rods, cold drawing machines for tubes, and precision rolling mills for strips-we maintain tight control over dimensions and tolerances. Every batch undergoes rigorous in-house testing using spectrometers for chemical composition, tensile testers for mechanical properties, and eddy current testers for defect detection. Our dedicated quality lab guarantees traceable, reliable products for electrical, automotive, and engineering applications worldwide.
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