ASTM B111 Copper Tubes
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ASTM B111 is a quality standard specifically for heat transfer tubing used in heat exchange equipment. It specifies the chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, manufacturing requirements, and test methods for seamless copper and copper-alloy tubes used in the manufacture of condensers, evaporators, and other heat exchangers.
ASTM B111 Copper Tubes Range
| UNS Number | Common Name / Material Type | Nominal Composition (Weight %) |
|---|---|---|
| C10200 | Oxygen-Free Copper | Cu 99.95% min |
| C12200 | DHP Phosphorized Copper | Cu 99.9% min, P 0.015-0.040% |
| C14200 | Phosphorized Copper, Arsenical | Cu 99.7%, P 0.15-0.25%, As 0.15-0.25% |
| C19200 | Phosphorized Copper, 1% Iron | Cu 99.78%, P 0.025%, Fe 0.80-1.20% |
| C23000 | Red Brass, 85% | Cu 84-86%, Zn 14-16% |
| C44300 | Admiralty Brass, Arsenical | Cu 71-73%, Zn, Sn 0.9-1.2%, As 0.02-0.06% |
| C44400 | Admiralty Brass, Antimonial | Cu 71-73%, Zn, Sn 0.9-1.2%, Sb 0.02-0.10% |
| C44500 | Admiralty Brass, Phosphorized | Cu 71-73%, Zn, Sn 0.9-1.2%, P 0.02-0.10% |
| C60800 | Aluminum Bronze, 5% | Cu 91-93.5%, Al 5.0-6.5%, Fe 1.0% max |
| C61300 | Aluminum Bronze, 7% | Cu 88.5-91.5%, Al 6.0-7.5%, Fe 2.0-3.0%, Mn 0.5% max |
| C61400 | Aluminum Bronze, Dense | Cu 88.5-91.5%, Al 6.0-7.5%, Fe 1.5% max, Mn 1.0% max |
| C68700 | Aluminum Brass, Arsenical | Cu 76-79%, Zn, Al 1.8-2.5%, As 0.02-0.06% |
| C70400 | Copper-Nickel, 5% | Cu 94.5-95.5%, Ni 4.8-6.2%, Fe 1.3-1.7%, Mn 0.30-0.8% |
| C70600 | Copper-Nickel, 10% | Cu 86.5% min, Ni 9.0-11.0%, Fe 1.0-1.8%, Mn 1.0% max |
| C71000 | Copper-Nickel, 20% | Cu 78.5-81.5%, Ni 19.0-23.0%, Fe 0.50-1.0%, Mn 1.0% max |
| C71500 | Copper-Nickel, 30% | Cu 65.0-70.2%, Ni 29.0-33.0%, Fe 0.40-1.0%, Mn 1.0% max |
| C72200 | Copper-Nickel, 16% Cr | Cu 80.0-84.0%, Ni 15.0-17.5%, Fe 0.30% max, Cr 0.30-0.70% |
The application of ASTM B111 Copper Tubes
The application of seamless copper-alloy tubing covered by the ASTM B111 standard is almost exclusively concentrated in the field of heat exchange.
Power Industry
This is the largest and most critical application area for ASTM B111 tubing. It is primarily used in surface condensers of thermal power plants and nuclear power stations. Here, thousands of copper-alloy tubes are bundled together to rapidly condense the exhaust steam from turbines into water, thereby creating and maintaining a high vacuum at the turbine exhaust. This process is crucial for ensuring the thermal efficiency of the power generation cycle.
Marine and Offshore Engineering
On ships, ASTM B111 tubing is widely used in various heat exchange equipment, including main engine coolers, lubricating oil coolers, central cooling systems, and evaporators for desalination plants. These equipment units use seawater directly as the cooling medium, resulting in an extremely demanding operating environment. Therefore, the tubing must possess exceptional resistance to seawater corrosion and cavitation erosion to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the equipment.
Petrochemical and Industrial Processes
In refineries, chemical plants, and other processing industries, numerous industrial processes generate significant heat that requires timely exchange. ASTM B111 tubing is used to manufacture various process coolers, evaporators, and reboilers. They are used to cool hot process fluids or provide a heat source for equipment like distillation columns.
HVAC&R (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration)
In large central air conditioning systems and industrial refrigeration units, ASTM B111 tubing can be used in shell-and-tube evaporators and condensers. Although it faces competition from materials like stainless steel or titanium in this field, copper alloys still hold a place in many applications due to their combined thermal conductivity and cost-effectiveness, particularly when handling clean or treated water media.
Chemical Composition of Copper Alloys in ASTM B111
| UNS Number | Common Name | Cu (Min) | Zn | Sn | Pb (Max) | Fe (Max) | Ni (Max) | Al | Mn (Max) | Other Elements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10200 | Oxygen-Free Copper | 99.95 | - | - | 0.005 | - | - | - | - | O: 0.0015 Max |
| C12200 | DHP Copper | 99.9 | - | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | - | - | P: 0.015-0.040 |
| C14200 | Phosphorized Cu, As | 99.7 | - | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | - | - | P: 0.10-0.25; As: 0.15-0.25 |
| C19200 | Phosphorized Cu, 1% Fe | 99.78 | - | - | 0.05 | 0.80-1.20 | 0.20 | - | 0.10 | P: 0.025-0.050 |
| C23000 | Red Brass | 84.0 | Remainder | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.6 | - | - | - |
| C44300 | Admiralty, Arsenical | 71.0 | Remainder | 0.9-1.2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.7 | - | - | As: 0.02-0.06 |
| C44400 | Admiralty, Antimonial | 71.0 | Remainder | 0.9-1.2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.7 | - | - | Sb: 0.02-0.10 |
| C44500 | Admiralty, Phosphorized | 71.0 | Remainder | 0.9-1.2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.7 | - | - | P: 0.02-0.10 |
| C60800 | Aluminum Bronze, 5% | 91.0 | - | - | 0.05 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 5.0-6.5 | 0.50 | - |
| C61300 | Aluminum Bronze, 7% | 88.5 | - | - | 0.05 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.25 | 6.0-7.5 | 0.50 | - |
| C61400 | Aluminum Bronze, Dense | 90.0 | - | - | 0.05 | 1.5 | 0.25 | 6.0-7.5 | 1.0 | - |
| C68700 | Aluminum Brass, Arsenical | 76.0 | Remainder | - | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 1.8-2.5 | 0.50 | As: 0.02-0.10 |
| C70400 | Cu-Ni, 5% | 94.5 | 1.0 | - | 0.05 | 1.3-1.7 | 4.8-6.2 | - | 0.30-0.8 | - |
| C70600 | Cu-Ni, 10% | 86.5 | 1.0 | - | 0.05 | 1.0-1.8 | 9.0-11.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| C71000 | Cu-Ni, 20% | 78.5 | 1.0 | - | 0.05 | 0.50-1.0 | 19.0-23.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| C71500 | Cu-Ni, 30% | 65.0 | 1.0 | - | 0.05 | 0.40-1.0 | 29.0-33.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| C72200 | Cu-Ni, 16% Cr | 80.0 | 0.5 | - | 0.02 | 0.30 | 15.0-17.5 | - | 0.70 | Cr: 0.30-0.70 |
Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloys in ASTM B111
| UNS Number | Temper | Tensile Strength Min (ksi) [MPa] | Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) Min (ksi) [MPa] | Elongation Min (% in 2 in) | Rockwell Hardness (Typical) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C10200 | O60 (Annealed) | 25 [170] | - | 40 | F40 (HRF) |
| C12200 | O61 (Annealed) | 28 [195] | - | 40 | F50 (HRF) |
| C14200 | O61 (Annealed) | 30 [205] | 10 [70] | 35 | F55 (HRF) |
| C19200 | O61 (Annealed) | 36 [250] | 10 [70] | 35 | B45 (HRB) |
| C23000 | O61 (Annealed) | 40 [275] | 12 [80] | 35 | B50 (HRB) |
| C44300 | O61 (Annealed) | 47 [325] | 18 [125] | 45 | B65 (HRB) |
| C44400 | O61 (Annealed) | 47 [325] | 18 [125] | 45 | B65 (HRB) |
| C44500 | O61 (Annealed) | 47 [325] | 18 [125] | 45 | B65 (HRB) |
| C60800 | O61 (Annealed) | 50 [345] | 20 [140] | 35 | B70 (HRB) |
| C61300 | O61 (Annealed) | 65 [450] | 25 [170] | 30 | B80 (HRB) |
| C61400 | O61 (Annealed) | 60 [415] | 22 [150] | 35 | B75 (HRB) |
| C68700 | O61 (Annealed) | 50 [345] | 20 [140] | 35 | B70 (HRB) |
| C70400 | O61 (Annealed) | 38 [260] | 12 [80] | 35 | B45 (HRB) |
| C70600 | O61 (Annealed) | 44 [305] | 16 [110] | 35 | B60 (HRB) |
| C71000 | O61 (Annealed) | 52 [360] | 20 [140] | 35 | B70 (HRB) |
| C71500 | O61 (Annealed) | 60 [415] | 25 [170] | 35 | B80 (HRB) |
| C72200 | O61 (Annealed) | 50 [345] | 22 [150] | 35 | B70 (HRB) |
Dimensional Tolerances for Copper Alloy Tubes in ASTM B111
1. Outside Diameter (OD) Tolerances
| Outside Diameter (in) | Tolerance (in) |
|---|---|
| Up to 1/2 | ±0.002 |
| Over 1/2 to 3/4 | ±0.0025 |
| Over 3/4 to 7/8 | ±0.003 |
| Over 7/8 to 1 | ±0.0035 |
| Over 1 to 1 1/4 | ±0.004 |
| Over 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 | ±0.0045 |
| Over 1 1/2 to 2 | ±0.005 |
| Over 2 to 2 1/2 | ±0.006 |
| Over 2 1/2 to 3 | ±0.007 |
| Over 3 to 4 | ±0.008 |
| Over 4 to 5 | ±0.010 |
| Over 5 to 6 | ±0.012 |
| Over 6 to 7 | ±0.014 |
| Over 7 to 8 | ±0.016 |
2. Wall Thickness Tolerances
| Wall Thickness (in) | Tolerance (% of Wall) |
|---|---|
| Up to 0.030 | ±10% |
| Over 0.030 to 0.040 | ±9% |
| Over 0.040 to 0.050 | ±8% |
| Over 0.050 to 0.060 | ±7% |
| Over 0.060 to 0.080 | ±6% |
| Over 0.080 to 0.100 | ±5% |
| Over 0.100 | ±4% |
3. Length Tolerances for Straight-Length Tubes
| Length (ft) | Tolerance (in) |
|---|---|
| Up to 12 | +1/8, -0 |
| Over 12 to 22 | +3/16, -0 |
| Over 22 to 28 | +1/4, -0 |
| Over 28 to 35 | +5/16, -0 |
| Over 35 | +3/8, -0 |
4. Straightness Tolerance
| Length (ft) | Maximum Deviation from Straightness (in) |
|---|---|
| Up to 12 | 1/16 |
| Over 12 to 22 | 3/32 |
| Over 22 to 28 | 1/8 |
| Over 28 to 35 | 5/32 |
| Over 35 | 3/16 |
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As a professional enterprise dedicated to global copper product trade since 2008, GNEE Metal Group deeply recognizes the quality and responsibility embodied in the ASTM B111 standard. This standard not only specifies chemical composition and mechanical properties but also represents a comprehensive quality commitment spanning manufacturing processes to testing and verification. GNEE solemnly assures global customers that every ASTM B111-standard condenser tube and copper alloy tubing we supply will strictly adhere to its requirements for seamless manufacturing, annealing treatment, eddy current testing, and various mechanical performance tests. This ensures our products deliver exceptional corrosion resistance and reliable heat transfer performance in critical applications such as power plants, shipbuilding, and chemical processing.
Contact us today for a quotation：sales@gneemetal.com
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