Copper Pipe
Professional Copper Tube Supplier – GNEE
GNEE supplies high-quality copper tubes, brass tubes, and copper-nickel tubes for HVAC, plumbing, medical gas, and marine applications. We offer both seamless and welded options.
SGS-Certified Quality – EN 10204 3.1 MTC with every shipment
Wide Range & Customization – OD 4-219mm, WT 0.5-20mm
Strict Quality Control – 100% ET testing + hydraulic test
Global Export Ready – Anti-oxidation packaging + third-party inspection supported
Our Copper Tube Product
ACR Copper Tube
Common Grades: C12200, C11000
Form: Seamless, coil or straight
Application: HVAC, refrigeration, heat pumps
Plumbing Copper Tube (Type K/L/M)
Common Grades: C12200
Form: Seamless, straight (6m)
Application: Drinking water, gas, fire sprinkler
Medical Gas Copper Tube
Common Grades: C12200
Form: Seamless, capped ends
Application: Hospital oxygen, vacuum, medical air
Copper Heat Exchanger Tube
Common Grades: C12200, C70600, C71500
Form: Seamless, U-bends, finned tubes
Application: Shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators
Brass Tube
Common Grades: C26800, C27000, C26000
Form: Seamless, straight or custom
Application: Heat exchangers, plumbing fittings, hardware
Copper-Nickel Tube
Common Grades: C70600 (90/10), C71500 (70/30)
Form: Seamless, straight
Application: Marine piping, desalination, power plants
Medical Gas Copper Tube – ASTM B819 Compliant
| Parameter | Requirement / Value |
|---|---|
| Applicable Standard | ASTM B819 (Seamless Copper Tube for Medical Gas Systems) |
| Common Grade | C12200 (Deoxidized High Phosphorus – DHP) |
| Temper | Annealed (soft), O60 |
| Cleanliness Standard | Meets NFPA 99 & ASSE 6010 requirements |
| Interior Cleanliness Limit | Residual oil & grease: < 0.01 g/m² (10 mg/m² max) |
| Particle Count | No visible particles ≥ 0.5 mm under 2x magnification |
| Moisture Limit | Internal surface visually dry – no free moisture |
| End Protection | Capped both ends – sealed with plastic caps (not tape or plugs) |
| Packaging | Each tube individually wrapped + moisture barrier bag |
| Traceability | Heat number stamped on each tube + EN 10204 3.1 MTC |
ACR Tube Cleanliness Specifications – ASTM B280
All ACR tubes supplied by GNEE meet or exceed ASTM B280 cleanliness requirements. Below are the specific limits we guarantee:
| Contaminant | Maximum Allowable | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Residual oil & grease | < 0.01 g/m² (10 mg/m²) | Solvent wipe test (ASTM E2905) |
| Residual chloride (Cl⁻) | < 0.2 mg/m² | Ion chromatography |
| Residual sulfur (S) | < 0.2 mg/m² | Ion chromatography |
| Particulate matter | No visible particles > 0.2 mm | White cloth wipe + 2x visual inspection |
| Moisture | Dew point ≤ -40°C | Capacitance sensor or dew point meter |
| Oxidation / scale | None – bright interior | Endoscope inspection |
Copper Tube Material Grades & International Standards Cross Reference
| Grade (USA) | EN (DIN) | JIS | GB | Key Properties | Applicable Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C11000 | CW004A (2.0070) | C1100 | T2 | High conductivity, good formability, not for hydrogen brazing | ASTM B68, B75, EN 12449 |
| C12200 | CW024A (2.0090) | C1220 | TP2 | Best for brazing/welding, excellent corrosion resistance – standard for plumbing & HVAC | ASTM B88, B280, EN 1057, ASME SB88, SB280 |
| C12000 | CW023A (2.0080) | C1201 | TP1 | Good weldability, lower phosphorus | ASTM B75, EN 12449 |
| C10100 | CW008A (2.0040) | C1011 | TU0 | 99.99% purity, extreme conductivity – for electronics & vacuum | ASTM B68, B75 |
| C10200 | CW007A (2.0040) | C1020 | TU1 | High purity, excellent ductility – cryogenic & high-vacuum | ASTM B68, B75, EN 12449 |
| C23000 | CW502L (2.0241) | C2300 | — | 85% Cu / 15% Zn – plumbing, corrosion resistant | ASTM B135 |
| C26000 | CW505L (2.0250) | C2600 | H70 | 70% Cu / 30% Zn – high strength, good formability | ASTM B135 |
| C26800 | CW505L (2.0250) | C2680 | H65 | Good machinability, bright surface – hardware & fittings | ASTM B135 |
| C27000 | CW506L (2.0260) | C2700 | H68 | High strength, excellent cold formability | ASTM B135 |
| C28000 | CW509L (2.0260) | C2801 | H59 | 60% Cu / 40% Zn – industrial high strength | ASTM B135 |
| C70600 | CW352H (2.0872) | C7060 | BFe10-1-1 | Seawater corrosion resistant, anti-biofouling – marine | ASTM B111, B466, EN 12449 |
| C71500 | CW354H (2.0882) | C7150 | BFe30-1-1 | Higher strength for high-velocity seawater | ASTM B111, B466, EN 12449 |
| C71640 | CW353H (2.0872) | — | BFe11-1.5-0.5 | Enhanced cavitation resistance | ASTM B111, B466 |
Copper Tube Forms
Seamless Copper Tube
No weld seam, uniform wall thickness, high pressure resistance.
Grades: C12200, C11000, C70600, C71500
Applications: HVAC, plumbing, medical gas, marine, high-pressure systems
Welded Copper Tube
TIG welded longitudinal seam, consistent wall thickness, cost-effective.
Grade: C12200
Applications: Low-pressure water lines, refrigeration, general industrial use
Square & Rectangular Copper Tube
Precision drawn, clean appearance, tight tolerances.
Grades: C12200, C11000, C26800
Applications: Architectural trim, busbars, heat exchanger frames, decorative components
Finned Copper Tube
Enhanced heat transfer surface area. Available in integral low fins or wound fins (L/KL/LL type).
Grades: C12200, C11000
Applications: Heat exchangers, air coolers, condensers, evaporators
Grooved Copper Tube
Internal or external spiral grooves for higher heat transfer efficiency.
Grade: C12200
Applications: High-efficiency heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, AC evaporators and condensers
Capillary Copper Tube
Small diameter, precise ID control (±0.02mm), for refrigerant flow control.
Grades: C12200, C11000
Size: OD 1.5mm – 6mm, WT 0.3mm – 1.0mm
Applications: Refrigeration metering devices, pressure sensing lines, lab equipment
Coiled Copper Tube (Long Length)
Continuous length up to 50m per coil. No brazing joints along long runs.
Grades: C12200, C11000
Applications: Split AC lines, solar water heaters, underfloor heating
U-Bend Copper Tube
Pre-bent into U-shape for heat exchanger applications. Smooth bending without kinking. Custom radii available.
Grades: C12200, C70600, C71500
Applications: Shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers, boiler internals
Thick Wall & Thin Wall Copper Tube
Thick Wall – High pressure rating, industrial equipment, boiler tubes
Thin Wall – Lightweight, drain lines, lightweight heat exchangers
Grade: C12200
Copper Tube Dimensions
ASTM B88 Copper Tube Dimensions – Type K, L, M
ASTM B88 is the standard for seamless copper water tube used in plumbing, gas, and fire sprinkler systems. Three wall thicknesses are available:
Type K (Green) – Thickest wall, for underground and high-pressure applications
Type L (Blue) – Medium wall, most common for general plumbing
Type M (Red) – Thin wall, for low-pressure drainage and heating
| Nominal Size (inch) | Outside Diameter (mm) | Type K WT (mm) | Type K Weight (kg/m) | Type L WT (mm) | Type L Weight (kg/m) | Type M WT (mm) | Type M Weight (kg/m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/4" | 6.35 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.64 | 0.10 |
| 3/8" | 9.53 | 1.24 | 0.29 | 0.89 | 0.21 | 0.76 | 0.18 |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 1.65 | 0.52 | 1.24 | 0.40 | 0.89 | 0.29 |
| 5/8" | 15.88 | 1.65 | 0.66 | 1.24 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.37 |
| 3/4" | 19.05 | 1.83 | 0.88 | 1.47 | 0.72 | 1.07 | 0.53 |
| 1" | 25.40 | 2.11 | 1.37 | 1.65 | 1.08 | 1.24 | 0.82 |
| 1-1/4" | 31.75 | 2.41 | 1.97 | 1.65 | 1.38 | 1.24 | 1.05 |
| 1-1/2" | 38.10 | 2.77 | 2.71 | 1.83 | 1.83 | 1.47 | 1.47 |
| 2" | 50.80 | 2.77 | 3.64 | 1.83 | 2.45 | 1.47 | 1.99 |
| 2-1/2" | 63.50 | 3.05 | 5.11 | 2.11 | 3.59 | 1.83 | 3.14 |
| 3" | 76.20 | 3.40 | 6.89 | 2.41 | 4.97 | 2.11 | 4.37 |
| 4" | 101.60 | 3.96 | 10.73 | 2.77 | 7.66 | 2.41 | 6.70 |
| 6" | 152.40 | 4.78 | 19.42 | 3.40 | 14.06 | 3.05 | 12.68 |
| 8" | 203.20 | 5.56 | 30.17 | 4.78 | 26.03 | 4.06 | 22.22 |
ACR Copper Tube Dimensions (Air Conditioning & Refrigeration)
ACR (Air Conditioning and Refrigeration) copper tube is manufactured to ASTM B280. It is cleaned, dried, and sealed to prevent contamination. Available in both hard (straight) and soft (coil) temper.
| Nominal Size (inch) | Outside Diameter (mm) | Wall Thickness (mm) | Weight (kg/m) | Available Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/4" | 6.35 | 0.81 | 0.13 | Coil or Straight |
| 3/8" | 9.53 | 0.81 | 0.20 | Coil or Straight |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 0.81 | 0.27 | Coil or Straight |
| 5/8" | 15.88 | 1.02 | 0.43 | Coil or Straight |
| 3/4" | 19.05 | 1.02 | 0.52 | Coil or Straight |
| 7/8" | 22.23 | 1.14 | 0.68 | Coil or Straight |
| 1-1/8" | 28.58 | 1.27 | 0.97 | Straight only |
| 1-3/8" | 34.93 | 1.40 | 1.32 | Straight only |
| 1-5/8" | 41.28 | 1.52 | 1.70 | Straight only |
| 2-1/8" | 53.98 | 1.65 | 2.42 | Straight only |
Non-Standard & Custom Sizes
Need a size not listed above? We manufacture custom sizes including:
Any OD between 4mm and 219mm
Any wall thickness between 0.5mm and 20mm
Special tolerances tighter than ASTM standards
Odd sizes for replacement or retrofit projects
Contact us with your specifications for a custom quote.
Copper Tube Delivery Condition
Common Tempers
| Temper | Hardness | Bending Ability | Form | OD Range | Standard Length | Key Characteristics | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soft (Annealed) | Low | Excellent – bend by hand or simple tools | Coil | 4mm – 22mm | 15m – 50m per coil | Maximum flexibility, no internal stress, bend without tools | AC lines, floor heating, solar piping, refrigeration |
| Half-Hard | Medium | Good – requires tube bender | Straight (6m) | 6mm – 219mm | 6m (custom available) | Balanced strength and formability, holds shape well | General plumbing, water, gas lines, hydronic heating, compressed air |
| Hard | High | Poor – no bending, use fittings | Straight (6m) | 6mm – 219mm | 6m (custom available) | Highest strength, excellent straightness, no bending | Vertical risers, long straight runs, industrial equipment |
Surface Treatment & End Finishing Options
Surface Treatment Options
| Treatment | Description | Key Benefit | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (Mill Finish) | As-manufactured surface, no additional treatment | Cost-effective, ready for installation | General plumbing, industrial piping |
| Pickled & Passivated | Acid bath removes oxide layer, forms protective film | Clean surface, enhanced corrosion resistance | Welded assemblies, medical gas systems |
| Tinned | Tin coating applied to outer surface | Prevents oxidation, easy to solder | Marine environments, electronic components |
| Plastic Coated | PVC or PE coating over copper tube | Corrosion protection, UV resistance | Underground piping, chemical plants |
| Polished (Bright) | Mechanical polishing for smooth, reflective finish | Decorative appearance, easy to clean | Architectural trim, visible installations |
| Anti-Oxidation Coating | Transparent protective layer | Prevents surface tarnish during storage/shipping | Long-term storage, export shipments |
End Finishing Options
| Finish | Description | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Plain End | Square cut, no further processing | General purpose, slip-on fittings |
| Beveled End | Angled cut for welding preparation | Butt welding, thick wall tubes |
| Threaded | External or internal threads cut on ends | Threaded fittings, gas lines |
| Grooved | Rolled groove for mechanical coupling | Fire sprinkler systems, quick-connect joints |
| Flared (Expanded) | Conical flare formed at tube end (45° or 37°) | Flare fittings, hydraulic/pneumatic lines, refrigeration |
| Pinched (Flattened) | Tube end compressed flat to seal or restrict flow | Sealing tube ends, flow restriction, sacrificial anodes, anti-siphon applications |
Applications & Case Studies
HVAC & Refrigeration
Tube Type: ACR tube, Coiled tube | Grades: C12200, C11000
Saudi Arabia (2024): Client needed ACR tube with guaranteed internal cleanliness for R-410A systems. Supplied 120 tons of C12200 coiled tube – 100% cleaned, dried, end-capped, and tested. Zero contamination complaints.
Plumbing & Potable Water
Tube Type: Type K/L/M (ASTM B88) | Grade: C12200
USA (2023): Distributor required ASTM B88 Type L tube with full traceability. Supplied 85 tons with EN 10204 3.1 MTC for every batch. Passed third-party SGS inspection without any rejection.
Medical Gas Systems
Tube Type: Medical grade (ASTM B819) | Grade: C12200
Germany (2024): Hospital project required ultra-clean tube with capped ends for oxygen service. Supplied 18 tons of ASTM B819 certified tube – particle-free, oil-free, and individually capped. Passed strict European medical gas standards.
Marine & Offshore
Tube Type: Copper-nickel tube | Grades: C70600, C71500
Singapore (2023): Marine engineering firm needed C70600 tube with seawater corrosion resistance for cooling system. Supplied 45 tons – 100% eddy current tested and hydrostatically tested. 5 years in service with no corrosion issues.
Heat Exchangers & Boilers
Tube Type: Seamless, U-bend, Finned tube | Grades: C12200, C70600
Case Study – Thailand (2023): Power plant needed seamless C12200 tube with precise OD tolerance (±0.05mm) for heat exchanger retrofitting. Supplied 60 tons – all passed dimensional inspection. Direct fit without modification, saving client 2 weeks of installation time.
Fire Sprinkler Systems
Tube Type: Type K or L (ASTM B88) | Grade: C12200
Case Study – Canada (2023): High-rise building required NFPA-compliant Type L tube with grooved ends. Supplied 40 tons – all ends precision-grooved and pressure tested. Passed local fire safety inspection on first attempt.
Quality Control
| Quality Area | Equipment | Our Method | What We Deliver |
|---|---|---|---|
| Certification | – | SGS certified, ISO 9001 | Regular factory audits |
| Raw Material | Spectrometer (OES), XRF gun | Chemical analysis + PMI | 100% composition verified |
| In-Process Testing | Eddy Current Tester, UT Flaw Detector | 100% online ET + UT | No pinholes, cracks, or internal flaws |
| Pressure Test | Hydrostatic Tester, Pneumatic Tester | Water or air pressure | Zero leakage – every batch tested |
| Mechanical Tests | Flattening Press, Expansion Tool, Bending Machine | Flattening, expansion, bend test | No cracking, meets ASTM standards |
| Dimensional Check | Micrometer, Caliper, Laser Gauge | OD, WT, length measurement | ±0.05mm tolerance for precision orders |
| Cleanliness (ACR) | Wipe Test Kit, Inspection Scope | Internal residue wipe test | < 0.01g/m² – oil-free, moisture-free |
| Cleanliness (Medical) | Particle Counter, Oil Detector | Particle count + oil-free test | ASTM B819 certified – capped ends |
| Mill Certificate | – | EN 10204 3.1 MTC | Heat number + full test data with every shipment |
| Traceability | Barcode/Label System | Heat number stamped/recorded | Traceable from billet to finished tube |
| Third-Party Inspection | – | SGS, BV, Intertek supported | Full transparency – you witness testing |
Value-Added Services
| Service | Equipment | What We Do | Benefit to You |
|---|---|---|---|
| Precision Cutting | Automatic tube cutter | Cut to exact length (±0.5mm) | Ready for installation – no on-site cutting |
| Deburring | Deburring machine | Remove sharp edges from cut ends | Safe handling, ready for fittings |
| Threading | Threading machine | NPT or BSP threads on ends | Connect directly to threaded fittings |
| Bending | CNC tube bender | Precision bends per drawing | Eliminates on-site bending labor |
| Flaring / Expanding | Flaring tool, Expander | Enlarge or flare tube end | Ready for flare fittings |
| Annealing | Annealing furnace | Soften tube ends or full length | Easier bending on specific sections |
| Custom Fabrication | Various | U-bend, hairpin, reducer, oval, D-shaped tubes | Made to your drawing |
We also supply complementary products to support your copper tube needs:
| Product | Description |
|---|---|
| Copper Fittings | Elbows, tees, couplings, adapters |
| Brass Fittings | Valves, connectors, adapters |
| Supporting Components | Brackets, clamps, insulation |
Packaging
| Packaging Step | Material / Method | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-Oxidation | VCI paper or anti-oxidation coating | Prevents surface tarnish |
| Inner Protection | Plastic bag or shrink wrap | Moisture barrier |
| End Protection | Plastic caps or wooden plugs | Protects threads and internal surface |
| Bundling | Steel strapping | Secures tubes together |
| Outer Packaging | Wooden crate or iron frame | Heavy-duty protection for sea freight |
| Container Loading | Steel strapping + wooden supports | Prevents movement during transit |
Shipping & Delivery Summary Table
| Order Type | Lead Time | Shipping Method | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Items | 3 – 7 days | Sea (FCL/LCL) or Air (sample) | Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading, EN 10204 3.1 MTC, SGS Report (if requested), Origin Certificate |
| Standard Production | 15 – 20 days | Sea (FCL) | Same as above |
| Custom / OEM | 25 – 35 days | Sea (FCL) | Same as above |
Factory & Service Advantages
Melting & Casting
We use a 15-ton tilting melting furnace capable of melting copper cathode at 1150°C. The furnace is equipped with a phosphorus feeder to add deoxidizing agent (P) during melting. Molten copper is cast into solid billets through a horizontal continuous casting machine. Each billet is 8 meters long and 200mm in diameter. Casting speed is controlled to prevent porosity and internal cracks.
Extrusion Press
A 2,500-ton extrusion press pierces the solid billet and forms it into a hollow tube shell. The billet is heated to 850°C-900°C and pushed through a die at 8mm per second. Exit temperature is controlled to 600°C-650°C. The resulting tube shell has rough dimensions of 90mm OD and 25mm wall thickness.
Three-Roll Planetary Rolling Mill
The rough tube shell enters a three-roll planetary rolling mill. This machine reduces wall thickness from 25mm to 3mm and outer diameter from 90mm to 48mm in a single pass. The rolling speed is 15 meters per minute. An inline eddy current tester checks for surface defects immediately after rolling.
Drawing Line
We have seven draw benches of different capacities. The largest can draw tubes up to 100mm OD. Drawing reduces tube diameter and wall thickness to final dimensions through carbide dies. A typical tube goes through 3 to 6 drawing passes depending on final size. Between passes, tubes are annealed in a bell-type annealing furnace to restore ductility.
Annealing Furnaces
We operate four bell-type annealing furnaces. Each furnace can hold up to 5 tons of tube. The annealing cycle runs for 8 hours at 500°C-550°C under a protective nitrogen atmosphere. The controlled atmosphere prevents oxidation during heating. After annealing, tubes cool for 4 hours before removal. Soft temper (O60) is achieved through this process.
Coiling Equipment
For soft temper products, we use a take-up coiling machine that winds tube onto reels or forms level-wound coils. The machine operates at 20 meters per minute and can handle tube diameters from 1/4" to 1-1/8". Coil weight ranges from 50kg to 500kg depending on diameter.
Cutting & Straightening
Two flying cutters cut the continuous tube into straight lengths of 3m, 6m, or 20ft while the line is running. Cut length accuracy is ±3mm. A six-roll straightener removes curvature from hard temper tubes. Straightness tolerance is 1mm per meter.
Warehouse & Inventory
We maintain a dedicated, climate-controlled warehouse for copper tube storage, ensuring products remain clean and oxidation-free. Standard sizes and common tempers are kept in stock year-round. Full lot traceability is maintained from mill to shipment. Export packaging available for sea, air, or land freight.
FAQ
What is the difference between Type K, L, and M copper tube?
Type K has the thickest wall and is used for underground water mains, fire sprinkler, and high-pressure applications. Type L has standard wall and is the most common choice for interior plumbing. Type M has thin wall and is used for low-pressure drainage only. Color codes: Type K is green, Type L is blue, Type M is red.
What is the difference between seamless and welded copper tube?
Seamless tube is made from a solid billet with no weld seam. It is required for refrigerant lines, medical gas, and high-pressure water. Welded tube has a longitudinal weld seam and is used for low-pressure drainage, decorative applications, and some industrial uses where pressure is minimal. Welded tube cannot be used for HVAC refrigerant lines.
Can I use ACR tube for water lines?
Yes, but it costs more than plumbing tube. ACR tube meets stricter cleanliness standards, which is unnecessary for water systems. For water lines, use ASTM B88 plumbing tube (Type K, L, or M).
What temper should I order for my job?
Use soft annealed (O60) coil if you need to bend the tube around obstacles by hand. Use half-hard (H80) straight lengths for general plumbing where some bending is needed. Use hard drawn (H58) straight lengths for long straight runs where the tube will not be bent.
What is the minimum order quantity?
Standard mixed sizes: 1 ton. Small trial orders: 500kg accepted for first-time customers. Sample quantities: free, freight collect.
Do you provide samples?
Yes. Samples are free of charge. You pay only the shipping cost. Samples are typically 1 meter of tube with end caps.
What is your lead time?
Stock items dispatch within 3-5 days. Non-standard sizes require 15-20 days for production. Custom processing (cutting, grooving, flaring) adds 3-5 days.
What payment terms do you accept?
Standard terms: 30% deposit by T/T wire transfer, 70% balance against copy of bill of lading. Letter of credit (L/C at sight) is accepted for larger orders. Other terms negotiable based on order size and history.
Do you provide mill test certificates?
Yes. Every shipment includes an EN 10204 Type 3.1 Mill Test Certificate. The certificate shows chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions tested, and heat number for traceability.
Can I arrange third-party inspection?
Yes. We work with SGS, Bureau Veritas, and Intertek. You pay the inspection fee directly to the agency. We provide access to the factory and samples.
How is the tube packaged for ocean freight?
Straight tubes: plastic end caps, hexagonal bundles, woven fabric wrapping, steel straps. Coils: moisture barrier bag with desiccant, heat-sealed, wooden reel or level-wound. All pallets are ISPM-15 certified heat-treated wood.
How do I know what size tube I need?
Check your system specifications. For HVAC, the outdoor unit label lists required liquid and suction line sizes. For plumbing, local building codes specify minimum wall thickness based on application. We can help you confirm if you provide the system type and operating pressure.
What is the shelf life of stored copper tube?
Stored properly indoors (dry, off the ground, covered), copper tube has no shelf life limit. The material does not degrade over time. If end caps remain in place, the interior stays clean. Surface oxidation (dulling or darkening) is cosmetic and does not affect performance.
Why does my copper tube have dark spots or discoloration?
Surface oxidation occurs when tube is exposed to air and moisture. This is normal and does not weaken the tube. Light oxidation can be wiped off. Heavy oxidation (green patina) may require cleaning with a abrasive pad before brazing. If the tube was capped and nitrogen-charged, the interior should be bright.
Can copper tube freeze without bursting?
Copper tube expands slightly when water freezes. It tolerates a few freeze cycles without damage. Repeated freezing will eventually cause splitting. Plastic pipes (PEX, CPVC) are more likely to split on the first freeze because they expand asymmetrically. However, no pipe is freeze-proof – always drain systems that will be exposed to freezing temperatures.
Q: What is your Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ)? Do you accept smaller trial orders?
A: Our standard MOQ varies by product type:
| Product Category | MOQ |
|---|---|
| Standard stock sizes (ASTM B88, ACR tube) | 1 ton per size |
| Custom dimensions or special alloys (e.g., C70600, C71500) | 2–3 tons per size |
| First-time trial order (mixed sizes allowed) | 500 kg (2–3 different OD sizes can be mixed) |
Q: What are your standard payment terms?
A: We accept the following payment methods:
| Payment Method | Terms |
|---|---|
| T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) | 30% deposit upfront, 70% balance against copy of Bill of Lading. |
| L/C at sight (Letter of Credit) | Acceptable for orders above $50,000 USD. |
| Western Union | For sample or trial orders under $5,000 USD. |
Q: Do you provide samples? What is your sample policy?
A: Yes, samples are available.
| Sample Type | Cost | Shipping | Lead Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard sample (1 meter of tube, end-capped) | Free | Buyer pays freight (collect) | 2–3 days |
| Custom sample (specific size, temper, or end finish) | Negotiable | Buyer pays freight | 5–7 days |
Q: What Incoterms do you offer?
A:
| Incoterm | Description |
|---|---|
| FOB | Price covers all costs to load goods onto vessel at the departure port. |
| CIF (any major port) | Price includes Cost, Insurance & Freight to the destination port you specify. |
| EXW | Buyer arranges all pickup and export logistics from our factory. |
| CNF / CFR | Price includes Cost & Freight to destination port (insurance arranged by buyer). |