What is C12000 copper?
C12000 Copper Alloy, belonging to the high-conductivity copper alloy series, is based on pure copper and optimized through the micro-addition of specific elements. It combines excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and workability, making it widely used in fields with stringent requirements for comprehensive material performance.
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Chemical Composition
The C12000 copper alloy primarily consists of copper (Cu), with a content typically not less than 99.95%. It also includes trace amounts of elements such as phosphorus (P), silver (Ag), or magnesium (Mg). Among these, the addition of phosphorus significantly enhances the strength of the material in the annealed soft state while maintaining high electrical conductivity. The inclusion of silver further improves the material's resistance to softening, making it suitable for high-temperature environments. The micro-addition of magnesium refines the grain structure and improves workability. The precise proportioning of these elements allows C12000 to retain the high conductivity of pure copper while achieving superior mechanical strength and thermal stability.
Physical Properties
|
Property |
Value |
|
Density (g/cm³) |
8.94 |
|
Melting Point (°C) |
1083 |
|
Electrical Conductivity (%IACS) |
98 – 100 |
|
Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) |
391 (at 20°C) |
Mechanical Properties
|
Condition |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Yield Strength (MPa) |
Elongation (%) |
Hardness (HV) |
|
Annealed |
200 – 250 |
50 – 80 |
45 – 55 |
40 – 60 |
|
Hard |
300 – 350 |
250 – 300 |
10 – 20 |
80 – 100 |
Applications of Copper C12000 Tubes:
Due to their corrosion resistance and reliability, copper C12000 tubes have become popular in plumbing systems for homes and businesses. Copper C12000 tubes are essential in HVAC systems, enabling efficient heat transfer and temperature regulation across heating and cooling applications. Copper C12000 tubes also stand out in refrigeration applications due to their superior thermal conductivity, which allows for the efficient cooling of refrigerants. Copper C12000 can also be found in electrical wiring and components, where its high conductivity ensures optimal performance with minimal energy loss. From heat exchangers to hydraulic systems, Copper C12000 tubes find applications across various industrial machinery where reliability and efficiency are paramount.
C12000 vs. C12200 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper
| Comparison Dimension | C12000 (Low-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper) | C12200 (High-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper) |
|---|---|---|
| Common Name / Standard | DLP (Deoxidized Low Phosphorus) UNS C12000 / ASTM B124 |
DHP (Deoxidized High Phosphorus) UNS C12200 / ASTM B124 |
| Phosphorus Content (P) | 0.004% – 0.012% | 0.015% – 0.040% |
| Oxygen Content (O) | Very low (typically < 50 ppm) | Very low (effectively deoxidized) |
| Electrical Conductivity | Very High (≥ 98% IACS) Close to pure copper (C11000). |
Good (≥ 85% IACS) Reduced due to higher P content. |
| Thermal Conductivity | Very High (~350 W/(m·K)) | High (~250 W/(m·K)) |
| Key Feature / Mechanism | Minimal phosphorus for essential deoxidation only, maximizing conductivity. | Higher phosphorus ensures robust and stable deoxidation, enhancing other properties at the cost of some conductivity. |
| Hydrogen Embrittlement Risk | Eliminated (Very low oxygen content). | Eliminated (Effectively deoxidized). |
| Weldability & Brazability | Excellent for most methods (soldering, brazing, welding). | Superior (especially for brazing). Phosphorus acts as a self-fluxing agent in copper-phosphor brazing alloys. |
| Hot Workability | Good | Excellent (Phosphorus significantly improves hot ductility and extrusion performance). |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good (similar to pure copper). | Better (especially against dezincification in certain environments and for erosion-corrosion in water). |
| Typical Forms & Applications | Where high conductivity is critical: - High-efficiency busbars & conductors - Electrical contacts & terminals - Precision electronic components - Vacuum tube parts |
Where fabrication and durability are critical: - Plumbing tubes & fittings (main use) - Heat exchanger tubes (ACR) - Medical gas piping (ASTM B819) - Roofing & flashing - General sheet metal work |
| Cost & Availability | Generally higher cost due to tighter process control. | Very common and cost-effective; the industry standard for many plumbing and general engineering applications. |
Choose C12000 (DLP) when: Your design demands the highest possible electrical or thermal conductivity in a safely deoxidized copper, such as in critical electrical power distribution, high-frequency applications, or precision instrument parts where performance loss must be minimized.
Choose C12200 (DHP) when: Your application is driven by fabrication needs, corrosion resistance, and overall economy. It is the default choice for plumbing, HVAC, general heat exchangers, and architectural applications where its excellent hot workability, superior brazability, and good overall performance offer the best balance.
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Dimensional Range Table
| Product Category | Standard / Grade | Typical Sizes (Outer Diameter) | Wall Thickness | Available Forms | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seamless Copper Tube | ASTM B68, B75, B88, B280, B819, EN1057, etc. | 3 mm ~ 300 mm (1/8" ~ 12") |
Light gauge to Schedule K (Customizable per standard) |
Straight Lengths, Coils | Plumbing, HVAC, Medical Gas, Industrial Pipelines |
| Capillary Tube | ASTM B360 | 0.5 mm ~ 12 mm (0.02" ~ 1/2") |
Ultra-thin walls (As per drawing) |
Straight Lengths, Coils | Instrumentation, Refrigeration, Heat Exchangers |
| Copper Pipe for Plumbing | ASTM B88 (Type K, L, M) | 6 mm ~ 254 mm (1/4" ~ 10") |
Type M (thin), L (standard), K (thick) | Straight Lengths (20ft), Coils | Potable Water Systems, Heating, Cooling |
| ACR Tube (Refrigeration) | ASTM B280 | 6.35 mm ~ 158.8 mm (1/4" ~ 6-1/8") |
ACR standard wall | Straight Lengths, Bundled Coils | Refrigeration, Air Conditioning |
| Medical Gas Copper Tube | ASTM B819, ISO 7396-1 | 6 mm ~ 108 mm (1/4" ~ 4-1/4") |
Cleaned & degreased Oxygen service grade |
Straight Lengths, Capped Ends | Oxygen, Medical Air, Vacuum Systems |
| Large Diameter Copper Pipe | Custom Drawn | Up to 457 mm (18") | Heavy wall, custom schedules | Straight Lengths (custom cut) | Industrial Process Lines, Marine, Specialty Applications |
Our factory
Our production facility is a modern, vertically integrated copper products factory equipped with state-of-the-art extrusion, drawing, annealing, and cleaning production lines. We specialize in producing seamless copper tubes of various sizes, from capillary tubes to large-diameter industrial pipes, all conforming to international standards such as ASTM, EN, and DIN. The factory strictly adheres to a quality management system (ISO 9001 certified) and utilizes advanced testing equipment, including spectrometers, hydrostatic testing machines, and oxygen pipeline cleanliness testing systems. With an annual production capacity exceeding 15,000 tons, we have a reliable supply record in industries such as HVAC, piping, medical gases, and shipbuilding, and are committed to providing high-precision, fully traceable, and on-time delivered products.
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