What is C12000 copper?
C12000 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper is a special copper alloy based on high-purity copper (Cu content ≥99.9%) that undergoes deoxidation treatment by adding trace amounts of phosphorus (P content 0.015%-0.040%). Its unique compositional design endows it with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, machinability, and environmental stability, making it an indispensable key material in modern industry.
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Characteristics of C12000 Copper
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Conductivity as high as 98% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), approaching the level of pure copper, making it suitable for high-frequency signal transmission and low-loss circuits.
Thermal conductivity coefficient of 380-400 W/(m·K), ensuring efficient heat dissipation and preventing equipment overheating.
Mechanical Properties and Machinability
Tensile strength: 245-345 MPa
Yield strength: ≥83 MPa, offering a balance of strength and ductility.
Elongation: ≥45%, with excellent cold bendability, allowing for processing into complex-shaped tubes, rods, and profiles.
Hardness: HV ≥65, with wear resistance superior to ordinary pure copper, extending service life.
Process Advantages
Phosphorus Deoxidation Process: Phosphorus combines with oxygen in the copper to form phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), eliminating the risk of "hydrogen embrittlement" and preventing material cracking caused by hydrogen-induced damage.
Weldability and Brazability: Requires no additional deoxidation treatment; can be directly brazed with silver-based or copper-based filler metals, producing high-strength welded joints.
Adaptability to Hot and Cold Working: Can undergo various forming processes such as cold rolling, hot rolling, and drawing to meet different dimensional and precision requirements.
C12000 Copper Application
Energy and Chemical Industry
Gas Transmission Pipelines: Used for transporting gasoline, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), featuring strong corrosion resistance and excellent sealing properties.
Condensation and Heat Exchange Systems: Serves as the core material for condenser tubes, evaporators, and heat exchangers, offering efficient heat transfer and resistance to scaling.
Transportation and Military Equipment
Railway Carriage Components: Used in manufacturing connectors and piping for brake systems, with lightweight design improving energy efficiency.
Naval Mines and Ship Piping: Resistant to seawater corrosion, used in fluid transmission systems for underwater equipment.
Electronics and Power Industry
High-Frequency Circuits and Connectors: Low resistivity reduces signal attenuation, suitable for 5G base stations and data centers.
Transformer and Motor Windings: High conductivity reduces energy loss and improves equipment efficiency.
Construction and Civil Applications
Drainage and Water Supply Systems: Copper pipes possess strong antibacterial properties and comply with drinking water hygiene standards.
Decoration and Handicrafts: Surfaces can be oxidized and colored for use in high-end architectural decoration and artwork production.
Copper C12000 Tubes Chemical Composition
| Grade | Cu | Ph |
| C12000 | Including Ag | 0.004 - 0.012 |
Copper C12000 Tubes Mechanical Properties
| Density (lb / cu. in.) | Electrical Resistivity (microhm-cm (at 68 Deg F)) | Melting Point (Deg F) | Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion | Modulus of Elasticity Tension |
| 0.323 | 10.6 | 1981 | 9.4 | 17000 |
FAQ
| Is C12000 suitable for underground water lines? Yes, especially when using Type K thick-walled tubing for burial. Its corrosion resistance and strength make it a durable choice for direct burial when soil conditions are non-aggressive. |
| What standards cover C12000 copper tubes? ASTM B75 (seamless), B280 (ACR tubes), EN 12735-1, and JIS H3300 are key standards for tubing. ASTM B152 covers sheet/plate forms. |
| What tempers are available for C12000 tubing? Common tempers are annealed (soft, O60), drawn (hard, H58), and light-drawn (H55). Annealed offers maximum formability; drawn provides higher strength. |
| Can C12000 be used in oxygen service or medical gas systems? Yes, after proper cleaning and degreasing, C12000 tubes are widely used in medical gas (oxygen, nitrous oxide) and high-purity gas systems due to their cleanliness and non-permeability. |
| How does phosphorus affect conductivity in C12000? The low residual phosphorus slightly reduces electrical conductivity (~85% IACS) compared to pure C11000 (~101% IACS), but it remains excellent for most thermal and electrical applications. |
| Is C12000 susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC)? Copper alloys are generally less prone to SCC than brasses, but in environments with ammonia, amines, or nitrites, SCC can occur. Proper design and avoiding sustained tensile stress in such environments are recommended. |
| What's the maximum continuous service temperature for C12000? Typically up to about 150–200°C (302–392°F) for long-term service. Short-term exposure can go higher, but annealing and softening will occur above ~250°C (482°F). |
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Dimensional Range Table
In plumbing and HVAC standards, copper tubing is commonly classified into three main types based on wall thickness: Type K, Type L, and Type M.
Type K: Has the thickest wall. It is the strongest and most durable, primarily used for underground burial, high-pressure applications, and where the highest level of protection is required.
Type L: Has a medium wall thickness. It is the most common and versatile type, widely used for residential and commercial water supply lines (hot and cold) and for many HVAC applications.
Type M: Has the thinnest wall. It is suitable for above-ground, low-pressure residential water supply lines and some drainage applications, offering a cost-effective solution where conditions allow.
The outside diameter (OD) is the same for all three types within a given nominal size. The difference lies in the inner diameter (ID), which decreases as the wall gets thicker.
| Nominal Size (inches) | Type K | Type L | Type M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Same for all types | ||
| Wall Thickness | Thickest | Medium | Thinnest |
| Inside Diameter (ID) | Smallest | Medium | Largest |
| 1/2" | OD: 0.625" ID: 0.527" Wall: 0.049" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.545" Wall: 0.040" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.569" Wall: 0.028" |
| 3/4" | OD: 0.875" ID: 0.745" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.785" Wall: 0.045" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.811" Wall: 0.032" |
| 1" | OD: 1.125" ID: 0.995" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.025" Wall: 0.050" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.055" Wall: 0.035" |
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We provide a full range of copper products-rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips-tailored to international specifications including ASTM, BS, and JIS. Our manufacturing capabilities feature horizontal continuous casting for large-diameter bars, rotary piercing mills for high-precision tubes, and multi-roll finishing mills for ultra-thin strips. To ensure superior quality, we implement comprehensive testing protocols: chemical analysis via XRF, mechanical property verification on universal testing machines, and non-destructive testing (ultrasonic and eddy current) for internal and surface integrity. With integrated production, rigorous inspection, and flexible customization, we deliver high-performance copper materials for electrical, HVAC, machinery, and construction industries worldwide.
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