What is C12000 copper?
Copper 120, also known as alloy C12000, is a high-purity copper alloy that contains small amounts of phosphorus. The addition of phosphorus enhances the alloy's mechanical properties and improves its resistance to corrosion, making copper 120 an ideal material for a wide range of demanding applications.
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Characteristics
High electrical conductivity – Copper 120 has approximately 95% of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). This high level of conductivity makes the alloy an excellent choice for applications requiring efficient electrical performance.
Mechanical Strength – Copper 120 has outstanding resistance to becoming brittle under stress. This characteristic allows the alloy to maintain its structural integrity and performance even in high-stress environments, enhancing its reliability and durability.
Low residual phosphorus – Copper alloy 120 contains minimal phosphorus, which contributes to its improved mechanical properties without negatively affecting overall performance.
Excellent workability – With its excellent cold and hot working capabilities, copper 120 can be shaped and formed both at room temperature and elevated temperatures.
Common Applications
The exceptional properties of copper alloy 120 make it widely utilized across various industries. Its superior electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with enhanced strength and durability compared to pure copper, make it a valuable material in numerous applications.
Within the electrical industry, copper 120 is essential for power distribution applications such as bus bars, conductive wires, contacts, switches, and terminals. Its high electrical conductivity and workability ensure reliable performance and efficient operation in electrical systems.
In the architectural industry, copper 120 is utilized for its corrosion resistance, durability, and aesthetic appeal. It is commonly used in building fronts, flashing, gutters, roofing, and spouting where both functional performance and visual appeal are important.
In the automotive sector, the excellent thermal conductivity of copper alloy 120 makes it ideal for components such as gaskets and radiators. These parts benefit from the alloy's ability to effectively dissipate heat, ensuring reliable performance under high-temperature conditions.
Equivalent Grades Table for C12000 Copper
| Standard System | Equivalent Grade | Name / Description |
|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | C12000 | The defining standard. Phosphorus-deoxidized copper. |
| ASTM (USA) | B152, B124 | Specification standards for sheet/strip and rod/bar forms. |
| CDA (USA) | Alloy 120 | Copper Development Association designation. |
| Common Name | DHP Copper | Deoxidized High Phosphorus - the universal industry name. |
| EN (Europe) | Cu-DHP | Modern European designation (EN 1652, 12449). |
| ISO | Cu-DHP | International Standard (ISO 431). |
| JIS (Japan) | C1201 | The direct Japanese equivalent. |
| BS (UK - Old) | C106 | Former British Standard for tubes (BS 2875). |
| China GB | TP1 | The closest functional Chinese equivalent. Phosphorus-deoxidized copper for tubes/pipes. |
FAQ
Q: What's the maximum continuous service temperature for C12000?
A: Typically up to about 150–200°C (302–392°F) for long-term service. Short-term exposure can go higher, but annealing and softening will occur above ~250°C (482°F).
Q: How should C12000 tubes be stored to prevent oxidation?
A: Store in a dry, covered area. For long-term storage or in humid climates, sealed plastic wrapping or nitrogen purging is recommended to prevent surface tarnishing.
Q: Can C12000 be bent easily?
A: Yes, especially in the annealed temper. For hard temper tubes, bending may require a mechanical bender to avoid kinking or cracking.
Q: What is the difference between TP1 (C12000) and TP2 (C12200) copper?
A: TP1 (C12000) and TP2 (C12200) are both phosphorus-deoxidized coppers, but they differ in residual phosphorus content:
TP1 (C12000): Low residual phosphorus (0.004–0.012%). Designed for applications requiring high conductivity and good weldability, such as heat exchangers and electrical components.
TP2 (C12200): Higher phosphorus content (0.015–0.040%). Offers improved weldability and brazability due to better deoxidation, but has slightly lower electrical conductivity (~80% IACS). Commonly used in plumbing, HVAC, and piping systems where welding/brazing is critical.
Key takeaway: TP1 prioritizes conductivity, while TP2 prioritizes weldability and brazing performance.
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Dimensional Range Table
In plumbing and HVAC standards, copper tubing is commonly classified into three main types based on wall thickness: Type K, Type L, and Type M.
Type K: Has the thickest wall. It is the strongest and most durable, primarily used for underground burial, high-pressure applications, and where the highest level of protection is required.
Type L: Has a medium wall thickness. It is the most common and versatile type, widely used for residential and commercial water supply lines (hot and cold) and for many HVAC applications.
Type M: Has the thinnest wall. It is suitable for above-ground, low-pressure residential water supply lines and some drainage applications, offering a cost-effective solution where conditions allow.
The outside diameter (OD) is the same for all three types within a given nominal size. The difference lies in the inner diameter (ID), which decreases as the wall gets thicker.
| Nominal Size (inches) | Type K | Type L | Type M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Same for all types | ||
| Wall Thickness | Thickest | Medium | Thinnest |
| Inside Diameter (ID) | Smallest | Medium | Largest |
| 1/2" | OD: 0.625" ID: 0.527" Wall: 0.049" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.545" Wall: 0.040" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.569" Wall: 0.028" |
| 3/4" | OD: 0.875" ID: 0.745" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.785" Wall: 0.045" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.811" Wall: 0.032" |
| 1" | OD: 1.125" ID: 0.995" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.025" Wall: 0.050" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.055" Wall: 0.035" |
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We provide a full range of copper products-rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips-tailored to international specifications including ASTM, BS, and JIS. Our manufacturing capabilities feature horizontal continuous casting for large-diameter bars, rotary piercing mills for high-precision tubes, and multi-roll finishing mills for ultra-thin strips. To ensure superior quality, we implement comprehensive testing protocols: chemical analysis via XRF, mechanical property verification on universal testing machines, and non-destructive testing (ultrasonic and eddy current) for internal and surface integrity. With integrated production, rigorous inspection, and flexible customization, we deliver high-performance copper materials for electrical, HVAC, machinery, and construction industries worldwide.
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