What is C12000 copper?
C12000 phosphorus-deoxidized copper is a copper alloy with good electrical and thermal conductivity and weldability, widely used in the electronics, communications, and power industries. Its low residual phosphorus content gives it superior electrical and thermal conductivity compared to other types of phosphorus-deoxidized copper, such as TP2. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, TP1 copper materials offer many unique application advantages.
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Chemical Composition of TP1 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper:
Copper (Cu): Balance
Copper is the main component of TP1. As an excellent electrical and thermal conductor, copper provides TP1 with superior electrical and thermal properties.
Phosphorus (P): 0.005%–0.012%
Phosphorus is the deoxidizer in TP1 phosphorus-deoxidized copper. Its content is controlled within a certain range to help reduce the oxygen content in copper and prevent the formation of oxides in the copper alloy. Compared with TP2, TP1 has a lower phosphorus content, which gives TP1 better electrical and thermal conductivity.
Tin (Sn): ≤0.002%
Tin content is extremely low. Its main function is to prevent oxidation and maintain the stability of the alloy, especially in high-temperature and humid environments.
Zinc (Zn): ≤0.005%
Zinc content is extremely low and usually exists as an impurity. The addition of small amounts of zinc will not significantly affect the conductivity of the material.
Lead (Pb): ≤0.005%
Lead is another impurity present in extremely low amounts, and its presence usually does not significantly affect the performance of TP1.
Iron (Fe): ≤0.01%
Iron is a common impurity in copper alloys. Excessive iron can affect the conductivity and mechanical properties of the material; therefore, the iron content in TP1 copper is strictly controlled.
Antimony (Sb): ≤0.002%
Antimony is present in extremely low amounts in copper, and its impact on the alloy's properties is negligible.
Sulfur (S): ≤0.005%
Sulfur also exists as an impurity. Excessive sulfur may affect weldability, but the sulfur content in TP1 copper is strictly controlled.
Arsenic (As): ≤0.002%
Arsenic has a certain negative impact on the conductivity and corrosion resistance of copper alloys; therefore, its content is also limited.
Bismuth (Bi): ≤0.002%
Bismuth is another trace impurity in copper alloys, with its content controlled below 0.002%.
Oxygen (O): ≤0.01%
TP1 copper has a low oxygen content, which helps to improve its conductivity and extend its service life.
Mechanical Properties
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength, ultimate | 221 - 393 MPa | 32100 - 57000 psi |
| Tensile strength, yield (depending on temper) | 69.0 - 365 MPa | 10000 - 52900 psi |
| Elongation at break ( in 101.6 mm (4 in.)) | 55% | 55% |
| Machinability (UNS C36000 (free-cutting brass) = 100%) | 20% | 20% |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Elastic modulus | 117 GPa | 16970 ksi |
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
The machinability rate of UNS C12000 copper is 20%
Welding
Brazing, gas shielded arc welding, oxyacetylene welding, soldering, and butt welding are the methods used for welding UNS C12000 copper. It is suggested that seam welding, coated metal arc welding, and spot welding are not used for welding this alloy.
Forging
Forging of UNS C12000 copper can be performed at a temperature of about 760 to 871°C (1400 to 1600°F). This alloy has good forgeability.
Hot Working
UNS C12000 copper has excellent hot working capacity.
Cold Working
UNS C12000 copper has good excellent cold working capacity.
Annealing
Annealing of UNS C12000 copper can be performed at 372 to 649°C (700 to 1200°F).
Equivalents of UNS C12000 Copper
| Standard | Designation | Name / Description | Key Similarities |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNS (USA) | C12000 | Phosphorus Deoxidized, Low Residual Phosphorus (DLP) | Base Standard |
| ASTM (USA) | B152, B124 | C12000 | |
| CDA (USA) | 120 | - | Industry Standard |
| ISO | Cu-DLP | Copper - DLP (Chemical Symbol) | Closest ISO Chemical Designation |
| EN (Europe) | Cu-DLP (EN 1412) CW024A (EN 13599) |
Copper - DLP | Chemical Composition Equivalent |
| JIS (Japan) | C1201 | Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper | Nearly Identical |
| GB (China) | TP1 | Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper | Note: TP1 is generally considered the closest match, though phosphorus content may differ slightly. |
| DIN (Germany) | SF-Cu (DIN 1708) | Deoxidized Copper with Low Residual Phosphorus | |
| BS (UK) | C106 | Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper for General Purposes |
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Dimensional Range Table
In plumbing and HVAC standards, copper tubing is commonly classified into three main types based on wall thickness: Type K, Type L, and Type M.
Type K: Has the thickest wall. It is the strongest and most durable, primarily used for underground burial, high-pressure applications, and where the highest level of protection is required.
Type L: Has a medium wall thickness. It is the most common and versatile type, widely used for residential and commercial water supply lines (hot and cold) and for many HVAC applications.
Type M: Has the thinnest wall. It is suitable for above-ground, low-pressure residential water supply lines and some drainage applications, offering a cost-effective solution where conditions allow.
The outside diameter (OD) is the same for all three types within a given nominal size. The difference lies in the inner diameter (ID), which decreases as the wall gets thicker.
| Nominal Size (inches) | Type K | Type L | Type M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Diameter (OD) | Same for all types | ||
| Wall Thickness | Thickest | Medium | Thinnest |
| Inside Diameter (ID) | Smallest | Medium | Largest |
| 1/2" | OD: 0.625" ID: 0.527" Wall: 0.049" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.545" Wall: 0.040" |
OD: 0.625" ID: 0.569" Wall: 0.028" |
| 3/4" | OD: 0.875" ID: 0.745" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.785" Wall: 0.045" |
OD: 0.875" ID: 0.811" Wall: 0.032" |
| 1" | OD: 1.125" ID: 0.995" Wall: 0.065" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.025" Wall: 0.050" |
OD: 1.125" ID: 1.055" Wall: 0.035" |
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Our factory is built for precision and scale in producing copper rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips. We operate advanced equipment such as upward continuous casting systems for oxygen-free copper rods, CNC-controlled pilger mills for seamless tubes, and automated strip rolling lines with real-time thickness monitoring. All products are manufactured to meet ASTM, DIN, and customer-specific standards, with process control at every stage. Our quality assurance includes metallographic analysis, conductivity testing, and surface quality inspection via optical comparators. From raw material to finished product, we ensure consistency, performance, and on-time delivery for industrial and OEM partners globally.
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