What is TP1/C12000 copper?
Copper grades typically consist of letters and numbers; "T" represents copper, and "P" indicates it is phosphorus-deoxidized copper. The "1" in TP1 indicates that the residual phosphorus content is within a specific low range.
Phosphorus acts as a deoxidizer in TP1/C12000 copper. During smelting, molten copper easily absorbs oxygen, forming copper oxide, which severely affects the weldability and cold bending properties of the copper. By adding trace amounts of phosphorus, it reacts with oxygen to form phosphorus pentoxide and other slag, which is then removed, resulting in copper with extremely low oxygen content. TP1/C12000 copper is known as phosphorus-deoxidized copper.
Mechanical Properties of TP1 Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper
The main mechanical properties of TP1 phosphorus deoxidized copper are its high tensile strength and good processing performance, especially in welding and cold bending. Its mechanical property parameters are as follows:
Tensile Strength (σb): ≥315 MPa
TP1 copper has high tensile strength and can withstand a certain amount of tensile stress without fracturing. This makes TP1 copper suitable for applications requiring high mechanical stress.
Sample Size: Nominal outer diameter ≤100 mm
The tensile strength test of TP1 copper is usually performed on the longitudinal mechanical properties of its tubing at room temperature, suitable for material samples with a diameter not exceeding 100 mm.
Physical and Chemical Properties of TP1 Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper
**Electrical and Thermal Conductivity**
TP1 phosphorus deoxidized copper exhibits excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Its low phosphorus content enhances copper's conductivity, making TP1 suitable for high-current and high-power transmission applications. Its excellent thermal conductivity also makes it perform well in fields with high heat dissipation requirements.
**Weldability**
TP1 copper exhibits good weldability, providing low oxide formation during welding and ensuring weld quality. Compared to other types of copper alloys, TP1 copper, due to its low phosphorus content, exhibits less "hydrogen slag" during welding.
**Cold Bending Performance**
TP1 copper has excellent cold bending performance, allowing for bending without cracking. Its good plasticity makes it suitable for manufacturing parts with complex shapes.
**Corrosion Resistance**
TP1 phosphorus deoxidized copper exhibits good corrosion resistance in air and water, especially in humid environments, where its surface is not easily oxidized or corroded. This makes TP1 copper widely used in environments requiring corrosion resistance.
High Temperature Adaptability
While TP1 copper exhibits good thermal stability, it should still be avoided in oxidizing atmospheres when exposed to high temperatures for extended periods. TP1 copper can be processed and used in reducing atmospheres, but excessively high temperatures may lead to a decline in material properties.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Cu | 99.9 |
| P | 0.008 |
Core Advantages
Ideal for high-conductivity applications.
Minimal impurities ensure stable performance.
Versatile for both industrial and electronic uses.
Compatible with various fabrication methods.
Applications
Electrical connectors and terminals.
Heat exchangers and cooling systems.
Busbars and power transmission components.
Plumbing fittings and HVAC systems.
Semiconductor lead frames.
C12000 vs. C12200
| Feature | UNS C12000 (CDA 120) | UNS C12200 (CDA 122) |
|---|---|---|
| Common Name | Phosphorus Deoxidized, Low Residual P (DLP) | Phosphorus Deoxidized, High Residual P (DHP) |
| Primary Standard | ASTM B152, B124 | ASTM B152, B124 |
| ISO Designation | Cu-DLP | Cu-DHP |
| EN Designation | CW024A | CW024C |
| JIS Designation | C1201 | C1220 |
| Nominal Composition | 99.90% Cu min. | 99.90% Cu min. |
| Key Difference | Low Phosphorus (0.004 - 0.012%) | Higher Phosphorus (0.015 - 0.040%) |
| Electrical Conductivity | Very High (~100% IACS) | Good, but lower (~85% IACS) |
| Thermal Conductivity | Very High (~390 W/m·K) | Good (~340 W/m·K) |
| Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement | Poor | Excellent |
| Weldability & Brazability | Excellent (low P helps flow) | Excellent (P acts as a deoxidizer) |
| Soft Soldering | Excellent | Excellent |
| Typical Forms | Tube, pipe, sheet, plate, busbar | Tube, pipe (dominant), sheet, plate |
| Relative Cost | Slightly higher | Standard, most common |
Choose UNS C12000 (DLP - Low P) when:
High electrical or thermal conductivity is the TOP priority. Examples:
Electrical Busbars and high-efficiency windings.
Heat Exchanger tubes or components where maximum thermal transfer is critical.
Lightning Conductor systems.
The application involves high-temperature brazing or welding in an atmosphere that is NOT reducing (e.g., inert gas, vacuum, air).
You need superior cold working properties for severe forming (marginally better than C12200).
Choose UNS C12200 (DHP - High P) when:
The application involves plumbing, hydronic heating, refrigeration, or fuel/gas lines. This is the standard, most widely used copper water tube alloy globally.
Safety against hydrogen embrittlement is paramount. This includes:
Any service in a reducing atmosphere (e.g., components for hydrogen or synthesis gas systems).
Annealing or brazing in a furnace with a reducing atmosphere.
Cost-effectiveness is important for standard applications not requiring peak conductivity. C12200 is more commonly produced and often more readily available.
Good overall formability, weldability, and brazability are sufficient.
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Our product range
| Product Category | Key Product Forms | Common Standards (Examples) | Typical Applications / Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Rods & Bars | Round Rods, Square Bars, Hexagonal Bars | ASTM B187, C11000, C10200; EN 12163-66; JIS H3250 | Electrical conductors, machined parts, connectors, hardware. Available in various tempers (soft, hard). |
| Copper Tubes & Pipes | Seamless Tubes, Straight Lengths, Coils (for flexible tubes) | ASTM B75, B280, B88; EN 12735; JIS H3300 | Plumbing, HVAC/R, heat exchangers, medical gas lines, hydraulic systems. |
| Copper Plates & Sheets | Plates (>6mm thickness), Sheets (<6mm thickness) | ASTM B152, C11000; EN 1652; JIS H3100 | Architectural cladding, industrial fabrication, grounding plates, chemical processing. |
| Copper Strips & Foils | Strips, Rolls, Precision Foils | ASTM B272, C11000; EN 1652; JIS H3100 | Electrical contacts, transformers, shielding, gaskets, decorative inlays. |
| Copper Wires | Bare Copper Wire, Stranded Wire, Busbars | ASTM B1, B3, B187; EN 13601; JIS H3260 | Windings, cables, busbars, fasteners, welding electrodes. |
Our factory
We are a specialized manufacturer of premium copper products, including rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips. Our factory strictly adheres to international standards such as ASTM, EN, JIS, and GB, ensuring material compliance for global markets. Equipped with modern production lines-including continuous casting for rods, cold drawing machines for tubes, and precision rolling mills for strips-we maintain tight control over dimensions and tolerances. Every batch undergoes rigorous in-house testing using spectrometers for chemical composition, tensile testers for mechanical properties, and eddy current testers for defect detection. Our dedicated quality lab guarantees traceable, reliable products for electrical, automotive, and engineering applications worldwide.
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