Copper row, is a copper as a material, the cross-section of the rectangular (or nearly rectangular) conductor, because of its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, in the electrical, electronic, construction and other fields play a key role.
Copper row, mainly made of high-purity copper (such as T2 copper, copper content ≥ 99.9%), the shape of the cross-section is mostly rectangular (common specifications for the width × thickness, such as 100mm × 10mm), there are a small number of shaped rows (such as rounded corners, trapezoidal, etc.), the surface is usually smooth and burr-free to ensure that the conductive contact is good.
Conductivity, copper's conductivity is second only to silver, room temperature conductivity up to 57MS / m (international standard annealed copper conductivity of 58MS / m), suitable for high current transmission.
Thermal conductivity, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of about 401W/(m-K), can quickly dissipate heat, commonly used in scenes that require thermal conductivity.
Mechanical strength, good ductility and bending resistance, easy to process molding, and corrosion resistance is better than iron, aluminum and other metals (almost no rust in a dry environment, but in a wet or acidic environment need to do surface treatment).
Weather resistance, long-term use of a wide range of temperatures (-40 ℃ ~ 120 ℃), strong stability.
Here's a look at the production, specifications and standards of copper row.
1.Production process
-Rolling: copper billets are rolled into copper rows of specified thickness and width through rolling mills, with high precision and smooth surface, which is the most common process.
-Drawing: Used to produce small-size copper rows, through the mold stretching molding, the size is more accurate.
-Surface treatment: according to the demand, it can be tin-plated (anti-oxidation, enhance solderability), galvanized (corrosion-resistant), nickel-plated (high-temperature-resistant) or coated with insulating varnish (insulation protection).
2.Specifications and Standards
Size range: width usually 10~120mm, thickness 3~12mm, specific specifications can be customized (e.g. ultra-thick copper rows for high-voltage equipment).
-National standards: China's implementation of GB/T 5585.1 "copper, aluminum and its alloy busbar for electricians, Part 1: copper and copper alloy busbar", the size tolerance, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, etc. There are clear provisions (such as the conductivity of the T2 copper row needs to be ≥ 97% IACS).
-Current carrying capacity: the larger the cross-section, the higher the current carrying capacity. For example, 100mm × 10mm copper row, in the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the current-carrying capacity of about 2500A (specific need to refer to the heat dissipation conditions and installation).
3. Comparison with other conductors
-Copper row vs aluminum row: copper row conductivity is about 1.6 times that of aluminum row, higher current-carrying capacity, stronger mechanical strength, but the cost is also higher (copper price is about 3~5 times that of aluminum), commonly used in scenes with high performance requirements.
Copper row vs. cable: copper row has better heat dissipation and is suitable for high-current, low-voltage scenarios (e.g., distribution cabinet busbar), while cable is more flexible and suitable for long-distance transmission.
The following are the main uses of copper busbar:
1. Power system: conductive and distribution core components
【High-low voltage distribution cabinet】as a busbar (busbar) connecting circuit breakers, transformers and other equipment, to undertake high current transmission (such as the main busbar in the low-voltage cabinet of the substation).
Busbar system】replaces traditional cables and is used for transmission of large currents in the vertical or horizontal direction in buildings, with good heat dissipation and easy installation and maintenance.
[Transformer and motor connection] The connection of transformer low voltage side outlet and large motor stator winding requires high conductivity and mechanical strength.
Grounding system] As a grounding busbar, copper's corrosion resistance is better than steel, suitable for outdoor or humid environments (e.g. building lightning protection grounding network).
2. Electronics and Communication: Precision Conductivity and Heat Dissipation
【PCB Boards and Integrated Circuits】Used as the conductive layer of high-power PCB boards (instead of copper foil), or as a chip heat dissipation substrate (using copper's thermal conductivity to quickly export heat).
Power supply equipment] Conductive rows in inverters and rectifiers, such as photovoltaic inverters internally connected to IGBT modules, which require low impedance and high heat dissipation.
Power distribution rows in cabinets and high-frequency signal transmission (copper's skin effect is better than aluminum's, making it suitable for high-frequency scenarios).
3.Architecture and Engineering: Grounding, Lightning Protection and Special Scenarios
[Grounding and Lightning Protection] Grounding trunks and lightning rod lead wires for high-rise buildings, the conductivity and corrosion resistance of copper rows ensures the reliability of grounding (e.g., subway grounding systems).
Electric Heating Equipment] The conductive rows of industrial heating furnaces utilize the high conductivity and high temperature resistance of copper.
New energy field] Electric vehicle battery module connection row (copper row nickel-plated, anti-vibration, electrolyte corrosion resistance), charging pile internal high-current conductive components.
4. Industrial and special equipment: customized conductive solutions
【Electrolysis and electroplating equipment】Anode and cathode connecting rows for electrolysis tanks, which require high conductivity and resistance to electrolyte corrosion.
【High Frequency Induction Heating】such as induction coil rows for metal melting equipment, utilizing the low impedance and high frequency properties of copper.
Rail transportation] High-speed rail traction converter, bus bar rows in the power distribution cabinet of the rolling stock, requiring high reliability and vibration resistance.
Finally, take a look at the copper row selection and application considerations:
【calculation of current-carrying capacity】 need to be based on the size of the current, the ambient temperature, the installation mode (flat/vertical) to select the cross-section, to avoid overloading and heating.
Surface treatment] Select tin/galvanized rows for humid environments, tin-plated rows for welding scenes, and silver-plated rows for high-frequency equipment.
Insulation protection] Exposed copper rows need to be insulated with heat-shrinkable tubing or coated with insulating varnish to prevent short circuits.
Cost considerations] Large-size scenarios can be considered copper-aluminum composite row (cost reduction, taking into account the performance).
Copper row by virtue of "high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, easy to process," the characteristics of electric power, electronics, construction and other areas of irreplaceable conductive components. From the busbar of the power distribution cabinet to the battery connection of the electric car, its application covers a variety of scenarios from the traditional industry to the new energy, is the "blood vessel" level components in the modern electrical system.
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