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C12000-copper-alloy.pdf

Copper TP1/C12000 Mechanical Properties

What is TP1/C12000 copper?

TP1/C12000 copper alloy is a phosphorus-deoxidized copper, a high-purity copper material with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and machinability. The "TP" in its name stands for "deoxidized phosphorus copper," and "1" indicates a lower phosphorus content. This material effectively reduces oxygen content through a phosphorus deoxidation process, avoiding hydrogen embrittlement while maintaining the inherent properties of copper. It is widely used in precision electronics, heat exchangers, and piping systems.

 

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Chemical Composition

Chemical Composition
  Elements
Cu(1) P
(1) Cu value includes Ag.
Min (%) 99.90 0.004
Max (%)   0.012

 

Mechanical Properties

Form Temper Temper Code Tensile Strength
(ksi)
YS-0.5% Ext
(ksi)
Elongation
(%)
Rockwell B scale Rockwell F scale Rockwell 30T scale Shear Strength
(ksi)
Fatigue Strength**
(ksi)
Section Size
(in)
Cold Work
(%)
* Measured at room temperature, 68°F (20°C).** Fatigue Strength: 100 x 106 cycles, unless indicated as [N] x 106.
Flat Products 1/2 Hard H02 42 Typ 36 Typ 14 Typ 40 Typ 84 Typ 50 Typ 26 Typ 13 Typ 0.04  
1/4 Hard H01 38 Typ 30 Typ 25 Typ 25 Typ 70 Typ 36 Typ 25 Typ   0.04  
1/4 Hard H01 38 Typ 30 Typ 35 Typ 25 Typ 70 Typ   25 Typ   0.25  
1/8 Hard H00 36 Typ 28 Typ 40 Typ 10 Typ 60 Typ   25 Typ   0.25  
1/8 Hard H00 36 Typ 28 Typ 30 Typ 10 Typ 60 Typ 25 Typ 25 Typ   0.04  
As Hot Rolled M20 34 Typ 10 Typ 45 Typ   45 Typ   23 Typ   0.04  
As Hot Rolled M20 32 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.25  
Extra Spring H10 57 Typ 53 Typ 4 Typ 62 Typ 95 Typ 64 Typ 29 Typ   0.04  
Hard H04 50 Typ 45 Typ 12 Typ 50 Typ 90 Typ   28 Typ   0.25  
Hard H04 50 Typ 45 Typ 6 Typ 50 Typ 90 Typ 57 Typ 28 Typ 13 Typ 0.04  
Hard H04 45 Typ 40 Typ 20 Typ 45 Typ 85 Typ   26 Typ   1  
Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm OS025 34 Typ 11 Typ 45 Typ   45 Typ   23 Typ 11 Typ 0.04  
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm OS050 32 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.25  
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm OS050 32 Typ 10 Typ 45 Typ   40 Typ   32 Typ   0.04  
Spring H08 55 Typ 50 Typ 4 Typ 60 Typ 94 Typ 63 Typ 29 Typ 14 Typ 0.04  
Pipe Hard H04 50 Typ 45 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ 90 Typ   28 Typ     30
Rod As Hot Rolled M20 32 Typ 10 Typ 55 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   1  
Hard H04 55 Typ 50 Typ 20 Typ 60 Typ 94 Typ   29 Typ   0.025 40
Hard H04 45 Typ 40 Typ 20 Typ 45 Typ 85 Typ   26 Typ   2 16
Hard H04 48 Typ 44 Typ 16 Typ 47 Typ 87 Typ   27 Typ 17 Typ 1 35
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm OS050 32 Typ 10 Typ 55 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   1  
Shapes As Hot Extruded M30 32 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.5  
As Hot Rolled M20 32 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.5  
Hard H04 40 Typ 32 Typ 30 Typ 35 Typ     23 Typ   0.5 15
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm OS050 32 Typ 10 Typ 50 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.5  
Tube Hard Drawn H80 55 Typ 50 Typ 8 Typ 60 Typ 95 Typ 63 Typ 29 Typ   0.065 40
Light Drawn, Light Cold Rolled H55 40 Typ 32 Typ 25 Typ 35 Typ 77 Typ 45 Typ 26 Typ   0.065 15
Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm OS025 34 Typ 11 Typ 45 Typ   45 Typ   23 Typ   0.065  
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm OS050 32 Typ 10 Typ 45 Typ   40 Typ   22 Typ   0.065  

 

Physical Properties

Melting Point - Liquidus°F 1981
Melting Point - Solidus°F 1981
Densitylb/cu in. at 68°F 0.323
Specific Gravity 8.94
Electrical Conductivity% IACS at 68°F 98 (1)
Thermal ConductivityBtu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F 223
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-21210 to -6 power per °F (68 – 212°F) 9.4
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-39210 to -6 power per °F (68 – 392°F) 9.6
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-57210 to -6 power per °F (68 – 572°F) 9.8
Specific Heat CapacityBtu/ lb /°F at 68°F 0.092
Modulus of Elasticity in Tensionksi 17000
Modulus of Rigidityksi 6400

 

Fabrication Properties

Technique Suitability
Soldering Excellent
Brazing Excellent
Oxyacetylene Welding Fair
Gas Shielded Arc Welding Excellent
Coated Metal Arc Welding Not Recommended
Spot Weld Not Recommended
Seam Weld Not Recommended
Butt Weld Good
Capacity for Being Cold Worked Excellent
Capacity for Being Hot Formed Excellent
Forgeability Rating 65
Machinability Rating 20

 

Storage Precautions:

*Correct Selection: Select appropriate specifications (outer diameter, wall thickness) and conditions of copper tubing based on the actual application scenario (e.g., operating pressure, medium temperature, type of fluid being transported). For example, copper tubing used in refrigeration systems has extremely high requirements for cleanliness and dryness.

*Storage and Handling: Copper tubing should be stored in a dry, clean warehouse, avoiding contact with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and salts. Handle with care during transport to prevent bumps, deformation, and surface scratches.

 

*Processing and Installation:

*Cutting: It is recommended to use a dedicated copper tubing cutter to ensure a clean, burr-free cut. If sawing is used, thoroughly remove any metal shavings from both inside and outside the pipe opening afterward.

*Pipe Bending: Use appropriate bending tools for cold bending to avoid excessively sharp bends that could cause wrinkling or collapse of the pipe wall.

*Welding and Brazing: This is a critical step in installation. Use appropriate solder and flux, and have the work performed by qualified personnel to ensure full, smooth welds without any gaps or incomplete welds. Thoroughly remove any residual flux after the operation.

*System Cleaning and Pressure Testing: After installation, purge or clean the entire piping system to ensure it is free of foreign objects. Finally, conduct a pressure test to check if the system's sealing meets requirements.

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Dimensional Range Table

In plumbing and HVAC standards, copper tubing is commonly classified into three main types based on wall thickness: Type K, Type L, and Type M.

Type K: Has the thickest wall. It is the strongest and most durable, primarily used for underground burial, high-pressure applications, and where the highest level of protection is required.

Type L: Has a medium wall thickness. It is the most common and versatile type, widely used for residential and commercial water supply lines (hot and cold) and for many HVAC applications.

Type M: Has the thinnest wall. It is suitable for above-ground, low-pressure residential water supply lines and some drainage applications, offering a cost-effective solution where conditions allow.

The outside diameter (OD) is the same for all three types within a given nominal size. The difference lies in the inner diameter (ID), which decreases as the wall gets thicker.

Nominal Size (inches) Type K Type L Type M
Outside Diameter (OD) Same for all types    
Wall Thickness Thickest Medium Thinnest
Inside Diameter (ID) Smallest Medium Largest
1/2" OD: 0.625"
ID: 0.527"
Wall: 0.049"
OD: 0.625"
ID: 0.545"
Wall: 0.040"
OD: 0.625"
ID: 0.569"
Wall: 0.028"
3/4" OD: 0.875"
ID: 0.745"
Wall: 0.065"
OD: 0.875"
ID: 0.785"
Wall: 0.045"
OD: 0.875"
ID: 0.811"
Wall: 0.032"
1" OD: 1.125"
ID: 0.995"
Wall: 0.065"
OD: 1.125"
ID: 1.025"
Wall: 0.050"
OD: 1.125"
ID: 1.055"
Wall: 0.035"

 

Our copper factory

Our factory is built for precision and scale in producing copper rods, tubes, plates, bars, wires, and strips. We operate advanced equipment such as upward continuous casting systems for oxygen-free copper rods, CNC-controlled pilger mills for seamless tubes, and automated strip rolling lines with real-time thickness monitoring. All products are manufactured to meet ASTM, DIN, and customer-specific standards, with process control at every stage. Our quality assurance includes metallographic analysis, conductivity testing, and surface quality inspection via optical comparators. From raw material to finished product, we ensure consistency, performance, and on-time delivery for industrial and OEM partners globally.

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Copper product packaging

Our copper product packaging always prioritizes safety protection and professional identification. Copper rods and profiles are securely bundled with steel straps and fixed on reinforced wooden pallets, with waterproof and moisture-proof film wrapped around the exterior. Copper tubes are equipped with protective caps on both ends and packaged in custom-designed cartons or wooden crates with internal cushioning materials. Copper plates and strips are interleaved with anti-rust paper and fully encapsulated in steel-edged crates. All packages are affixed with clear product labels, specifications, and moisture-proof tags. For high-purity copper materials or those with special application requirements (such as oxygen-free copper wires and high-end copper strips), we also offer professional nitrogen-filled sealed packaging to ensure complete oxygen isolation during transportation and storage, preventing oxidation and maintaining the optimal performance and surface condition of the materials. 

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