What is copper?
Copper is a metal chemical element, but also the human body must be a trace element, copper is also the first human discovery of metal, is widely used by mankind a metal, belongs to the heavy metal.
Copper (Cuprum) is a metal element, but also a transition element, chemical symbol Cu, English copper, atomic number 29. pure copper is a soft metal, the surface just cut for the reddish-orange with a metallic luster, the monomers are purplish-red. Good ductility, thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, so in the cable and electrical and electronic components is the most commonly used materials, can also be used as building materials, can be composed of numerous kinds of alloys. Copper alloys have excellent mechanical properties and low electrical resistivity, the most important of which are bronze and brass. In addition, copper is a durable metal that can be recycled many times without loss of mechanical properties.
Copper is classified by the form in which it exists in nature: natural copper (copper content of more than 99%, but reserves are very small), oxidized copper ores, copper sulphide ores (copper content is very low, usually around 2 - 3%).
Copper is categorized by production process: copper concentrate, crude copper, pure copper.
Copper is categorized by product form: copper tube, copper rod, copper wire, copper plate, copper strip, copper bar, copper foil, etc.
The main classifications of copper
The most commonly used in design are copper, bronze, brass, white copper, imitation copper.
1,Violet Copper
Copper, also known as red copper is copper monomers, because of its color is purple-red and named. Various properties see copper. Copper is industrial pure copper, its melting point of 1083 ℃, no isotopic transformation, the relative density of 8.9, five times as much as magnesium. The mass of the same volume is about 15% heavier than ordinary steel.
It has good plasticity, excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. It can be applied to both hot pressing and cold pressing processing, and is widely used in cables, wires, EDM special corrosion copper and other products.
②, brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, named for the yellow color. Brass mechanical properties and wear resistance are very good, can be used in the manufacture of precision instruments, ship parts, gun shells and so on. Brass knock up sound good, so gongs, cymbals, bells, horns and other musical instruments are made of brass.
Brass possesses strong abrasion resistance, and the seamless copper tubes made from it are soft and abrasion resistant. This special brass is widely used in parts such as condensers, cryogenic lines, submarine transportation tubes, heat exchangers, and so on.
③, white copper
White copper is nickel as the main added elements.
White brass is an alloy of copper and nickel, its color and silver, silver, not easy to rust. Commonly used in the manufacture of coins, electrical appliances, instruments and decorations.
There are two types of composition: one is the copper-nickel binary alloy class of ordinary white copper; the other is the addition of iron, zinc, aluminum, manganese elements of complex white copper. In the industry, white copper is divided into electrical white copper and structural white copper.
(Structural white copper is characterized by excellent mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, beautiful color. This kind of white copper has a wide range of applications, such as precision machinery, chemical machinery, eyeglasses accessories have larger application occasions. And electrical white copper has good thermo-electric properties, is the manufacture of varistors, precision resistors, precision electrical instruments commonly used materials.)
④, Bronze
Bronze is a copper-tin alloy, which is the first alloy used in China. Later, for the convenience of management, all copper alloys except white copper and brass are uniformly called bronze.
The alloy of copper and tin is called bronze, named for the color green. It was a common alloy in ancient times (e.g. Bronze Age China). Bronze generally has good corrosion resistance, wear resistance, castability and excellent mechanical properties. Used in the manufacture of precision bearings, high-pressure bearings, seawater corrosion-resistant mechanical parts on ships, and a variety of plates, tubes, rods and so on. Bronze also has a perverse property - "heat shrinkage and cold expansion", used for casting statues, expansion after cooling, can make the brow clearer.
Tin bronze with tin as the main added element has excellent casting performance, good mechanical properties, excellent friction reduction performance, very suitable for the manufacture of turbines, gears, bearings. Lead bronze, on the other hand, is applied as a bearing material now used in engines and grinding machines. Aluminum bronze has excellent wear and corrosion resistance, high strength, and is widely used in the manufacture of high load bushings, gears, marine propellers and so on. Phosphor bronze has good electrical conductivity, high elastic limit, and is very suitable for manufacturing precision springs as well as electrical contact components.
⑤, Copper imitation
Ensure high quality built effect at the same time, in order to further save the high cost of copper materials, and control the overall effect of the building is not oxidized, the use of aluminum, stainless steel two materials on the market to do imitation copper processing.
Three types of copper differences
01,Composition is not the same
① brass is composed of copper and zinc alloy, composed of copper, zinc brass is called ordinary brass, if it is composed of more than two elements, often added elements such as lead, tin, aluminum, etc., composed of a variety of alloys is called special brass.
Copper is a pure copper, generally can be approximated as pure copper, but it is not necessarily pure copper, and sometimes add a small amount of deoxidizing elements or other elements to improve the material and performance, so it is also classified as copper alloy.
Bronze is an alloy of tin or lead added to pure copper (copper violet).
Copper is a copper-based alloy with nickel as the main added element. Copper-nickel binary alloy called ordinary copper; add manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum and other elements of copper alloy called complex copper.
⑤ Copper imitation is made by using aluminum and stainless steel to imitate copper.
02, the use is not the same
①, brass has strong wear resistance, brass is often used in the manufacture of valves, water pipes, air conditioning inside and outside the machine connecting pipes and radiators.
②, copper conductivity and thermal conductivity second only to silver, widely used in the production of electrical and thermal conductivity equipment. Copper in the atmosphere, seawater and some non-oxidizing acids (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkalis, salt solutions and a variety of organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid) have good corrosion resistance.
③, bronze has a low melting point, hardness, plasticity, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, bright color and so on, suitable for casting a variety of appliances, mechanical parts, bearings, gears and so on.
④, white copper than other copper alloys, mechanical properties, physical properties are exceptionally good, ductility, high hardness, beautiful color, corrosion resistance, rich in deep-drawn performance, is widely used in shipbuilding, petrochemical industry, electrical appliances, instrumentation, medical equipment, daily necessities, handicrafts and other fields, and is also an important alloy of resistance and thermocouples.
⑤, imitation copper is to save the high cost of copper materials, and control the overall effect of the building is not oxidized.
03, the price is different price cost in the following order: purple copper > white copper > bronze > brass > imitation copper
