Characteristics and application range of different brass grades
Characteristics and application range of H96 brass
H96 brass is composed of 96% copper and 4% zinc alloy. H96 brass has good hot and cold processing properties. It is suitable for processing methods such as extrusion, tying, stamping, drawing, forging, etc. It is easy to weld and tin-plated. H96 brass has high corrosion resistance in the atmosphere and light, and has no tendency to stress corrosion cracking. H96 brass is generally used in currency; souvenirs; seals; detonators; shells, enamel bases, waveguides, heat pipes/sheets, conductive devices, etc.
Characteristics and application range of H90 brass
H90 brass is composed of 90% copper and 10% zinc alloy. H90 brass has good mechanical properties and hot and cold pressure processing performance. It is basically the same as H96. H90 brass is also suitable for upsetting, rolling and hot forging, etc. It has good corrosion resistance and can be gold plated and enamel coated. H90 brass is generally used for decorations, medals, marine components, rivets, waveguides, water tank belts, battery caps, waterway pipes, bimetallic materials, etc.
Characteristics and application range of H85 brass
H85 brass is composed of 85% copper and 15% zinc alloy. H85 brass has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, excellent cold processing performance, and good hot forming performance. H85 copper is widely used in industries such as architectural decoration, micro-badges, bellows, serpentine pipes, water pipes, condensers and heat exchanger tubes, and cooling equipment parts.
Characteristics and application range of H70 brass
H70 brass is composed of 70% copper and 30% zinc. H70 brass has high plasticity and high strength, good cold formability, easy welding, good corrosion resistance, and is very sensitive to stress corrosion cracking in an ammonia atmosphere. H70 brass is widely used in sign labels, reliefs, battery caps, musical instruments, flexible hoses, pump pipes, bellows, house building supplies, etc.
What are the main uses of ordinary brass?
(1) Room temperature structure of ordinary brass
Ordinary brass is a copper-zinc binary alloy. Its zinc content varies widely, so its room temperature structure is also very different. According to the Cu-Zn binary phase diagram (Figure 6), there are three types of room temperature microstructures of brass: brass with a zinc content of less than 35% has a microstructure composed of a single-phase Α solid solution at room temperature, called Α brass; brass with a zinc content of 36% to 46% has a microstructure composed of two phases (Α+Β) at room temperature, called (Α+Β) brass (two-phase brass); brass with a zinc content of more than 46% to 50% has a microstructure composed only of Β phase at room temperature, called Β brass.
(2) Pressure processing performance
Α single-phase brass (from H96 to H65) has good plasticity and can withstand hot and cold processing, but Α single-phase brass is prone to medium-temperature brittleness during hot processing such as forging. Its specific temperature range varies with the Zn content and is generally between 200 and 700°C. Therefore, the temperature during hot processing should be higher than 700°C. The main reason for the medium-temperature brittleness of single-phase Α brass is that there are two ordered compounds, CU3ZN and CU9ZN, in the Α phase of the Cu-Zn alloy system. When heated at medium and low temperatures, an ordered transformation occurs, making the alloy brittle. In addition, trace amounts of harmful impurities such as lead and bismuth in the alloy form low-melting-point eutectic films with copper and distribute on the grain boundaries, which cause intergranular cracking during hot working. Practice has shown that adding trace amounts of cerium can effectively eliminate medium-temperature brittleness.
In two-phase brass (from H63 to H59), in addition to the Α phase with good plasticity, a Β solid solution based on the electronic compound Cuzn also appears in the alloy structure. The Β phase has high plasticity at high temperatures, while the Β' phase (ordered solid solution) at low temperatures is hard and brittle. Therefore, (Α+Β) brass should be forged in a hot state. Β brass with a zinc content greater than 46%~50% cannot be press-processed due to its hard and brittle properties.
(3) Mechanical properties
Due to the different zinc content in brass, the mechanical properties are also different. Figure 7 is a curve showing the change of mechanical properties of brass with different zinc content. For Α brass, as the zinc content increases, Σb and Δ both increase continuously. For (Α+Β) brass, the room temperature strength continues to increase until the zinc content increases to about 45%. If the zinc content is further increased, the strength decreases sharply due to the appearance of the more brittle R phase (solid solution based on CU5ZN8 compound) in the alloy structure. The room temperature plasticity of (Α+Β) brass always decreases with the increase of zinc content. Therefore, copper-zinc alloys with a zinc content of more than 45% have no practical value.
Ordinary brass has a wide range of uses, such as water tank belts, water supply and drainage pipes, medals, bellows, serpentine pipes, condenser tubes, shells, and various complex-shaped punching products, small hardware, etc. As the zinc content increases from H63 to H59, they can all withstand hot processing well and are mostly used in various parts of machinery and electrical appliances, stampings and musical instruments.
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