What is TP1/C12000 copper?
C12000 Copper Alloy, also known as oxygen-free phosphorus-deoxidized copper, is a deoxidized copper alloy primarily composed of copper (Cu) with a small amount of phosphorus (P). During the smelting process, phosphorus is added as a deoxidizing agent to eliminate oxygen in the copper, thereby enhancing its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. C12000 copper alloy is widely used in the electrical and electronics industries and is a highly significant industrial material.
Applications
C12000 copper alloy has extensive applications in the electrical and electronics fields, primarily including:
Electrical Wires and Cables: Due to its high electrical conductivity and flexibility, C12000 copper alloy is widely used in the manufacturing of various electrical wires and cables.
Electronic Components: In electronic components, C12000 copper alloy is commonly used to produce connectors and terminals, ensuring reliable electrical contact performance.
Heat Exchange Equipment: Owing to its excellent thermal conductivity, C12000 copper alloy plays a vital role in the manufacturing of heat exchangers, radiators, and cooling devices.
C12000 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper
| Category | Property | Specification / Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition | Copper (Cu) | ≥ 99.9 % | Primary constituent |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.004 % – 0.012 % | Deoxidizing agent, improves weldability and corrosion resistance | |
| Oxygen (O) | ≤ 0.01 % | Very low residual oxygen prevents hydrogen embrittlement | |
| Total Other Impurities | ≤ 0.1 % | Includes Fe, Pb, Sn, etc. | |
| Physical Properties | Density | 8.94 g/cm³ (at 20°C) | Typical value |
| Electrical Conductivity | ≥ 98 % IACS (annealed) | Close to pure copper level | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 340 – 400 W/(m·K) | Excellent heat dissipation | |
| Melting Point | ~1083 °C | Similar to pure copper | |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 17.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K (20–300°C) | Good dimensional stability under temperature changes | |
| Mechanical Properties | Tensile Strength | 245 – 345 MPa (annealed) | Strength can be adjusted by cold working |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | ≥ 83 MPa (annealed) | ||
| Elongation | ≥ 45 % (annealed) | Excellent ductility and formability | |
| Hardness | HV 65 – 85 (annealed) | Can be increased by cold working | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~115 – 130 GPa | Typical stiffness for copper alloys | |
| Key Features | Deoxidation | Phosphorus-deoxidized | No hydrogen embrittlement risk |
| Weldability | Excellent (brazing, TIG, MIG, soldering) | Suitable for most fusion and filler-metal welding | |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good (atmosphere, freshwater, non-oxidizing acids) | Superior oxidation resistance compared to pure copper | |
| Workability | Excellent cold & hot workability | Suitable for drawing, stamping, extrusion, bending |
C12000 Equivalent Grade
| Standard System | Grade/Designation | Name / Description |
|---|---|---|
| United States (ASTM/UNS) | C12000 | Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper, Low Residual Phosphorus (DLP) |
| China (GB) | TP1 (T2 is common pure copper, TP1 is deoxidized) | Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper (Low Phosphorus) |
| Japan (JIS) | C1201 | Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper (Low Phosphorus) |
| Europe (EN) | CW024A (formerly Cu-DLP) | Deoxidized Copper with Low Phosphorus Residual |
| Germany (DIN) | Cu-DLP | Desoxidierter Kupfer mit niedrigem Phosphorgehalt |
| International (ISO) | Cu-DLP (ISO 431/Type DLP) | Copper, Deoxidized, Low Phosphorus |
| Common Trade Names | DLP Copper, SWP Copper (Special Working Properties) | Low-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper for Welding & Forming |
Comparison: C12000 vs. C12200 vs. C11000 Copper Alloys
| Parameter | C12000 (DLP Copper) | C12200 (DHP Copper) | C11000 (ETP Copper) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common Name | Low-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper (DLP) | High-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper (DHP) | Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (ETP) |
| Primary Standard | ASTM B124 / UNS C12000 | ASTM B124 / UNS C12200 | ASTM B152 / UNS C11000 |
| Copper Content (Cu) | ≥ 99.9 % | ≥ 99.9 % | ≥ 99.9 % |
| Key Additive | Phosphorus (P): 0.004% – 0.012% | Phosphorus (P): 0.015% – 0.040% | Oxygen (O): 0.02% – 0.04% (No deliberate P addition) |
| Electrical Conductivity (IACS) | High (≥ 98%) | Good (≥ 85%) | Highest (≥ 101%) |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~340 – 400 W/(m·K) | ~250 – 340 W/(m·K) | ~390 – 400 W/(m·K) |
| Weldability | Excellent (No hydrogen embrittlement risk) | Excellent (Superior brazability; no hydrogen embrittlement) | Poor in reducing atmospheres (Risk of hydrogen embrittlement) |
| Hot Workability | Very Good | Excellent (Best among the three) | Fair to Good |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good (Better oxidation resistance than C11000) | Very Good (Especially against dezincification & scaling) | Good (Except in hydrogen-containing environments) |
| Key Strength | Balanced conductivity & weldability | Superior fabrication performance (forming, brazing) | Maximum electrical & thermal conductivity |
| Primary Limitation | Slightly lower conductivity than C11000 | Lower conductivity due to higher P content | Not suitable for welding in reducing atmospheres |
| Typical Applications | • Precision tubes (refrigeration, medical gas) • Electrical contacts requiring weldability • Heat exchangers needing good conductivity | • Plumbing tubes & fittings • HVAC & ACR tubing • Roofing & flashing • General sheet metal work | • Electrical busbars & conductors • Power transmission cables • Transformer windings • Non-welded grounding strips |
| Choose This Alloy When... | Avoid or Consider Alternatives When... |
|---|---|
| C12000 (DLP): You need a balance of high conductivity and good weldability/fabrication, e.g., welded heat exchangers, electronic components requiring soldering, and applications where hydrogen embrittlement must be avoided. | Conductivity must be absolute maximum (use C11000), or fabrication requires highest hot workability/brazability (use C12200). |
| C12200 (DHP): The application prioritizes fabrication ease, brazability, and corrosion resistance over maximum conductivity, e.g., plumbing systems, air conditioning tubing, roofing, and general formed parts. | Electrical or thermal conductivity is the critical design parameter. |
| C11000 (ETP): The design demands the highest possible electrical or thermal conductivity and the component will not be welded or exposed to high-temperature reducing atmospheres, e.g., power transmission, busbars, and conductive non-welded assemblies. | Welding is required, or the part operates in hydrogen-containing environments at elevated temperatures. |
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Our product range
| Category | Key Products | Standards | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Tubes & Pipes | Seamless copper tubes, medical gas pipes (ASTM B819), ACR tubes, capillary tubes, large-diameter pipes, plumbing tubes (Type K/L/M) | ASTM B68, B75, B88, B280, B819, EN1057 | HVAC, refrigeration, plumbing, medical gas systems, industrial pipelines |
| Copper Sheets & Plates | Pure copper sheets, copper alloy plates (brass, bronze), perforated sheets, embossed sheets, clad sheets | ASTM B152, B465, EN1652 | Architectural cladding, electrical components, heat exchangers, decorative arts |
| Copper Bars & Rods | Round bars, square bars, hexagonal bars, flat bars, copper alloy rods (brass, bronze) | ASTM B187, B301, EN12163/12164 | Machined parts, connectors, fasteners, electrodes, forgings |
| Copper Wires & Strands | Bare copper wires, tinned copper wires, braided wires, stranded conductors, enameled wires | ASTM B1, B3, B174, IEC 60228 | Electrical wiring, power transmission, cables, windings, grounding systems |
| Copper Foils | Rolled copper foils, electrolytic copper foils, flexible copper strips | ASTM B370, IPC-4562 | Printed circuit boards (PCBs), electromagnetic shielding, batteries, decorative laminates |
Our factory
Our factory is equipped with state-of-the-art production lines for extrusion, rolling, drawing, and finishing. We specialize in producing a full range of copper and copper alloy products, including tubes, plates, bars, wires, and foils, serving the global HVAC, construction, electrical, medical, and automotive industries.
We are committed to quality and precision, strictly adhering to international standards including ASTM, EN, DIN, and JIS, and maintaining ISO 9001 certification. Our in-house laboratories conduct rigorous testing-from chemical composition and mechanical properties to pressure and cleanliness verification-ensuring end-to-end traceability and compliance for our products.
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