What is TP1/C12000 copper?
TP1 and C12000 Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper exhibit excellent weldability and cold-bending properties, generally with no tendency for "hydrogen embrittlement." They can be processed and used in reducing atmospheres but are not suitable for processing or use in oxidizing atmospheres. TP1 contains less residual phosphorus than TP2, giving it higher electrical and thermal conductivity compared to TP2. TP1 and TP2 are primarily used as tube materials but can also be supplied as plates, strips, bars, or wires. They are used in gasoline or gas transmission pipes, drainage pipes, condenser tubes, mine tubes, condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and railway carriage components.
Chemical Composition
|
Copper+Silver With Ag: |
Tin Sn: |
Zinc Zn: |
Lead Pb: |
Nickel It is: |
Iron Fe: |
|
≥ 99.90 |
≤ 0.002 |
≤ 0.005 |
≤ 0.005 |
≤ 0.005 |
≤ 0.01 |
|
Antimony Sb: |
Sulphur S: |
Arsenic As: |
Bismuth Bi: |
Oxygen O: |
Phosphorus P: |
|
≤ 0.002 |
≤ 0.005 |
≤ 0.002 |
≤ 0.002 |
≤ 0.01 |
0.005～0.012 |
Mechanical Properties
|
Tensile Strength Kb (MPa): |
Elongation D10 (%): |
Hardness: |
|
245～345 |
≥ 8 |
75～120HV |
Typical Application Areas
Heat Exchange Systems:
Refrigeration equipment condenser tubes (wall thickness 0.3–1.2 mm)
Automotive radiator core materials
Heat pump system evaporator tubes
Solar collector pipelines
Building Water Supply Systems:
Drinking water copper pipes (compliant with NSF/ANSI 61 standard)
Gas transmission pipelines
Underfloor heating system distribution pipes
Fire sprinkler system pipes
Specialized Industrial Applications:
Lining materials for chemical equipment
Brewing industry fermentation tanks
Piping systems for pharmaceutical equipment
Heat exchanger tubes for seawater desalination units
Key Processing Techniques
Cold Forming Process:
Annealed hardness HV55–75, suitable for deep drawing (maximum drawing coefficient up to 2.1)
Intermediate annealing temperature: 450–600°C, holding time 1–2 hours per mm thickness
Welding Process:
Recommended brazing filler: silver-containing alloys (BAg-8 series)
Recommended shielding gas mixture: 95% N₂ + 5% H₂
Recommended gap for pipe butt welding: 0.1–0.3 mm
Surface Treatment:
Chemical polishing: phosphoric acid–nitric acid system recommended
Passivation treatment: benzotriazole derivative solution recommended
Acid pickling activation before electroplating: 10% H₂SO₄ solution recommended
C12000 vs. C11000 Copper Alloy Comparison
| Aspect | C12000 (Low-Phosphorus Deoxidized Copper, DLP) | C11000 (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper, ETP) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard / Common Name | ASTM B124/B84, UNS C12000 DLP (Deoxidized Low Phosphorus) |
ASTM B152/B187, UNS C11000 ETP (Electrolytic Tough Pitch) |
| Chemical Composition | Cu ≥ 99.9%, P: 0.004–0.012% Very low oxygen (≤0.01%) |
Cu ≥ 99.9%, O: 0.02–0.04% Contains controlled oxygen, negligible P |
| Key Process | Phosphorus Deoxidation (P removes oxygen) | Non-Deoxidized (retains natural oxygen content) |
| Electrical Conductivity | High, ≥98% IACS (Annealed) Slightly lower than C11000 due to P, but still near pure copper level. |
Highest, ≥100% IACS (Annealed) International benchmark for conductivity. |
| Thermal Conductivity | High, ≥350 W/(m·K) | Very High, ~390 W/(m·K) |
| Weldability | Excellent No hydrogen embrittlement risk. Safe for fusion welding, brazing, soldering. |
Poor for Fusion Welding in Reducing Atmospheres Risk of "Hydrogen Embrittlement" (reaction between H₂ and Cu₂O causes brittleness). |
| Hot Workability | Excellent Phosphorus improves hot ductility. Ideal for hot extrusion, forging, rolling. |
Fair Can be brittle at high temperatures. Narrower processing window. |
| Cold Workability | Excellent (Annealed elongation ≥40%) | Excellent (Annealed elongation ≥45%) |
| Corrosion Resistance | Good Better high-temperature oxidation resistance than C11000 (>25% lower oxidation rate). Good general corrosion resistance. |
Good in normal atmospheres But susceptible to embrittlement in high-temperature reducing/hydrogen-containing environments. |
| Common Product Forms | Tubes (especially thin-walled precision tubes), sheets, strips, bars, wires. | Sheets, strips, plates, bars, rods, foils, profiles. |
| Relative Cost | Slightly higher than C11000 (due to deoxidation process). | Lowest (most basic industrial copper). |
| Key Risk / Limitation | Virtually no hydrogen embrittlement risk. Versatile. | Hydrogen embrittlement risk. Use is restricted for welded or high-temperature reducing atmosphere applications. |
When to Use Which?
| Choose C12000 (DLP) when: | Choose C11000 (ETP) when: |
|---|---|
| Welding is required (pipes, heat exchangers, fabricated structures). | Maximum electrical conductivity is the top priority (busbars, high-voltage cables, electrical contacts). |
| Service in high-temperature or reducing atmospheres (e.g., furnace components). | Only mechanical connections are used, no welding (bolted ground straps, conductive shims). |
| A balance of conductivity and fabricability is needed. | Cost sensitivity is high and no hydrogen embrittlement risk exists (decorative trim, non-pressure parts). |
| Pressure systems like refrigeration, plumbing, or medical gas lines. | The material serves as high-purity feedstock for further processing. |
| Any critical application where hydrogen embrittlement must be entirely avoided. |
Inquire about C12000 Pricing & Samples
Our product range
| Category | Key Products | Standards | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Tubes & Pipes | Seamless copper tubes, medical gas pipes (ASTM B819), ACR tubes, capillary tubes, large-diameter pipes, plumbing tubes (Type K/L/M) | ASTM B68, B75, B88, B280, B819, EN1057 | HVAC, refrigeration, plumbing, medical gas systems, industrial pipelines |
| Copper Sheets & Plates | Pure copper sheets, copper alloy plates (brass, bronze), perforated sheets, embossed sheets, clad sheets | ASTM B152, B465, EN1652 | Architectural cladding, electrical components, heat exchangers, decorative arts |
| Copper Bars & Rods | Round bars, square bars, hexagonal bars, flat bars, copper alloy rods (brass, bronze) | ASTM B187, B301, EN12163/12164 | Machined parts, connectors, fasteners, electrodes, forgings |
| Copper Wires & Strands | Bare copper wires, tinned copper wires, braided wires, stranded conductors, enameled wires | ASTM B1, B3, B174, IEC 60228 | Electrical wiring, power transmission, cables, windings, grounding systems |
| Copper Foils | Rolled copper foils, electrolytic copper foils, flexible copper strips | ASTM B370, IPC-4562 | Printed circuit boards (PCBs), electromagnetic shielding, batteries, decorative laminates |
Our factory
Our factory is equipped with state-of-the-art production lines for extrusion, rolling, drawing, and finishing. We specialize in producing a full range of copper and copper alloy products, including tubes, plates, bars, wires, and foils, serving the global HVAC, construction, electrical, medical, and automotive industries.
We are committed to quality and precision, strictly adhering to international standards including ASTM, EN, DIN, and JIS, and maintaining ISO 9001 certification. Our in-house laboratories conduct rigorous testing-from chemical composition and mechanical properties to pressure and cleanliness verification-ensuring end-to-end traceability and compliance for our products.
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