C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch ETP Copper

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C11000 Copper, also known as electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper, is widely used in electrical and industrial applications due to its superior conductivity, excellent malleability, and corrosion resistance. Known for its high purity (99.9% minimum copper content), C11000 Copper is valued in sectors requiring minimal electrical loss and robust performance.

 

At GNEE COPPER, we provide high-quality C11000 Copper in various forms such as sheets, plates, tubes, pipes, bars, angles, channels, beams, and fittings, catering to a wide range of industry needs.

 

What is C11000 material standard?

C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) Copper is known for its high electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and solderability. C11000 copper is used for welding fixtures, anodes, bus bar in electrical power installations, ground straps, commutators and current-carrying hardware. Its properties define what most people consider "pure copper."

 

Copper 110, also known as UNS C11000 and CDA 110, is Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) Copper, containing 99.99% copper. Copper Alloy 110 is available in various shapes, including round, square, flat, sheet, and plate. Its excellent mechanical properties make Cu-ETP versatile for use as CNC machined copper parts in various applications, especially electrical equipment and products such as cables, overhead line conductors, generator windings, and coaxial lines due to its high conductivity.

 

Key Features of C11000 Copper

1. High Electrical Conductivity

Primary Feature: C11000 has the highest electrical conductivity of all commercial coppers (second only to silver among pure metals).

Standard: Rated at 100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) for the annealed condition, making it the benchmark for conductivity.

Application: This makes it the material of choice for electrical conductors-busbars, wire, cables, windings, and electrical components.

 

2. High Thermal Conductivity

Closely linked to electrical conductivity, it also has excellent heat transfer capability.

Application: Essential for heat exchangers, radiators, heating vessels, and other thermal management systems.

 

3. Excellent Formability and Ductility

Can be extensively cold worked (rolled, drawn, bent) without cracking.

Can be annealed (heat treated) to restore softness and ductility after hardening from cold work.

Application: Ideal for forming into complex shapes, deep drawing, and wire drawing.

 

4. Good Corrosion Resistance

Resists atmospheric corrosion, forming a protective green patina (verdigris) over time.

Resists freshwater, steam, and many chemicals, though it is not suitable for oxidizing acids, ammonia, or sulfurous environments.

Application: Widely used in plumbing, roofing, and architectural applications.

 

5. Good Solderability, Brazability, and Weldability

Easily joined using common techniques like soft soldering, brazing, and gas-shielded arc welding.

 

6. Non-Magnetic and Non-Sparking

An important safety feature in explosive or sensitive electronic environments.

 

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Characteristic Microstructure & The "Tough Pitch"

The name "Tough Pitch" refers to its controlled oxygen content (~0.02% to 0.04%).

This oxygen binds with impurities and forms a dispersed phase of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) within the copper matrix.

Benefit: The oxide particles improve the material's hot workability and provide a unique combination of strength and ductility not found in oxygen-free coppers.

 

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Key Limitation: Hydrogen Embrittlement

This is the most critical weakness of C11000.

If exposed to a hydrogen-containing atmosphere (e.g., during brazing or annealing), hydrogen can diffuse into the copper and react with internal cuprous oxide (Cu₂O), forming steam (H₂O).

This reaction creates high-pressure pockets within the metal, leading to micro-cracks and severe embrittlement-a phenomenon known as "gassing."

Solution: For applications involving high-temperature reducing atmospheres, Oxygen-Free Coppers (C10100, C10200) must be used instead.

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Common Applications

Electrical Conductors: Power cables, magnet wire, busbars, transformer windings.

Electronics: Printed circuit boards, lead frames, connectors.

Building Construction: Plumbing pipes, tubing, roofing, flashing, gutters.

Heat Transfer Equipment: Heat exchangers, radiators, evaporator coils, solar panels.

Industrial: Fasteners, forgings, chemical processing vessels.

 

Product Specifications for C11000 Copper

Product Type	Standard	Available Sizes	Typical Applications
Sheets and Plates	ASTM B152	Thickness: 0.5mm–50mm, Width: up to 1500mm, Length: up to 3000mm	Electrical equipment, roofing, cladding
Pipes and Tubes	ASTM B42, B188	Diameter: 6mm–500mm, Length: up to 6m	Plumbing, HVAC, industrial piping
Bars and Rods	ASTM B187	Diameter: 3mm–200mm	Electrical components, fasteners
Angles and Channels	ASTM B152	Custom sizes available	Structural supports, electrical frames
Beams	ASTM B152	Custom configurations available	Construction, electrical supports
Fittings	ASTM B16, B61	Standard and custom sizes	Connectors, industrial installations

 

Physical Properties of C11000 Copper

Property	Value
Density	8.94 g/cm³
Modulus of Elasticity	110-130 GPa
Melting Point	1083°C
Thermal Expansion	16.5 µm/m-°C
Thermal Conductivity	401 W/m-K
Electrical Resistivity	1.724 x 10^-8 Ω·m

 

Mechanical Properties of C11000 Copper

Property	Value (Annealed)	Value (Half Hard)
Tensile Strength	210 MPa	250 MPa
Yield Strength	69 MPa	186 MPa
Elongation	45%	12%
Hardness (Brinell)	50 HB	80 HB

 

Electrical Properties of C11000 Copper

Electrical Property	Value
Electrical Conductivity	101% IACS
Electrical Resistivity	1.724 x 10^-8 Ω·m

 

Thermal Properties of C11000 Copper

Thermal Property	Value
Thermal Conductivity	401 W/m-K
Specific Heat Capacity	0.385 J/g-K
Thermal Expansion	16.5 µm/m-°C

 

Processing Properties of C11000 Copper

Process	Suitability
Machining	Excellent
Welding	Good
Forming	Excellent
Annealing	Suitable

 

Component Elements Properties of C11000 Copper

Element	Percentage (%)
Copper (Cu)	99.9% minimum
Oxygen (O)	0.02-0.04%

 

Comparison: C11000 Copper vs. Other Copper Alloys

Material	Electrical Conductivity	Corrosion Resistance	Applications
C11000 Copper	Very High (101% IACS)	Excellent	Electrical, industrial components
C12200 Copper (DHP)	High (97% IACS)	Excellent	Plumbing, HVAC, heat exchangers
C10200 Copper (Oxygen-Free)	Very High (101% IACS)	Superior	High-precision electronic components

 

Price List for C11000 Copper (in USD per kg)

Product Type	Price Range (USD/kg)
C11000 Copper Sheets & Plates	$8.0 – $9.5
C11000 Copper Pipes & Tubes	$9.0 – $11.0
C11000 Copper Bars & Rods	$8.5 – $10.0
C11000 Copper Angles & Channels	$9.0 – $10.5
C11000 Copper Beams	$10.0 – $12.0

 

c11000 copper hardness

The hardness of C11000 copper is not a single fixed value but a range that depends heavily on its temper condition (the degree of cold working or annealing).

Hardness by Temper Condition

Temper Name (ASTM Standard)	Description	Typical Hardness Range	Key Characteristics
O60 (Annealed)	Soft, fully recrystallized	HRB: 35 - 55	Maximum ductility & formability, minimum strength/springback.
H00 (1/8 Hard)	Slightly cold worked	HRB: 50 - 65	A good balance, often used for bending.
H01 (1/4 Hard)		HRB: 65 - 75
H02 (1/2 Hard)	Moderately cold worked	HRB: 70 - 85	Common for springs, contacts, and applications needing higher strength.
H03 (Hard)		HRF: 70 - 85
H04 (Extra Hard)	Heavily cold worked	HRF: 80 - 92+	Maximum strength & spring temper, minimal ductility.
H58 (Spring)	Very heavily cold worked	HRF: 90+	Highest strength & hardness, least ductility.

 

Typical Hardness Values (Approximate Averages)

• Annealed (O60): ~ 45 HRB or 55 HV
• Half-Hard (H02): ~ 80 HRB or 105 HV
• Hard (H04): ~ 85 HRF or 115 HV
• Spring (H58): ~ 92 HRF or 130+ HV

c11000 copper density

The density of C11000 (ETP) Copper is 8.94 g/cm³ at 20°C.

This is often rounded to 8.95 g/cm³ or 0.323 lb/in³ in many engineering and industry references.

 

Compared to Others:

Oxygen-Free Copper (C10100): ~8.94 g/cm³ (effectively the same).

Brass (C26000, 70/30): ~8.53 g/cm³ (lighter due to zinc).

Aluminum 6061: 2.70 g/cm³ (copper is ~3.3x denser).

 

c11OO0 copper data sheet

Equivalent Alloy Specifications

Specification	UNS	BSI	JIS	ISO
Designation	C11000	C101	C 1100	Cu-ETP

 

 

Australian Product Specifications

Specification	Product Form
AS1566	Rolled flat products
AS1567	Wrought rods, bars & sections
AS1568	Forging stock & forgings
AS1569	Seamless tubes for heat exchangers
AS1571	Seamless tubes for air conditioning & refrigeration
AS1572	Seamless tubes for engineering purposes

Other product specifications available on enquiry

 

 

ASTM Product Specifications

Number	Title
B5	High Conductivity Tough Pitch Copper Refinery Shapes
B124	Copper and Copper Alloy Forging Rod, Bar and Shapes
B152	Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
B187	Copper Bar, Bus Bar, Rod and Shapes
B188	Seamless Copper Bus Pipe and Tube
B283	Copper and Copper Alloy Die Forgings (Hot Pressed)
B447	Welded Copper Tube
B577	Detection of cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in copper
B694	Copper, Copper Alloy and Copper Clad Stainless Steel (CCS) and Copper Clad Alloy Steel (CAS) and Strip for Electrical Cable Shielding

c11000 copper bar

Standard Shapes & Sizes

Round Bar: Diameters typically from 1/8" (3mm) up to 12" (305mm) or more.

Square Bar: Common sizes from 1/8" x 1/8" up to 4" x 4".

Rectangular Bar (Flat Bar): Thickness from 1/16" up to several inches, widths from 1/2" to 12"+.

Hexagonal Bar: Less common, but available for specific fastener or machining applications.

 

1. OFHC/OFE C101 / C102 Round Bar

Material: Oxygen-Free High Conductivity (C10100) / Oxygen-Free (C10200) Copper.

Form: Round solid bar.

Key Feature: Ultra-high purity (≥99.99% Cu) with virtually no oxygen (<0.001%).

Why it's Special: Immune to hydrogen embrittlement. Does not contain cuprous oxide, so it won't crack when heated in reducing atmospheres (e.g., brazing, furnace work).

Typical Use: Critical vacuum electronics (tubes, microwave devices), aerospace components, high-reliability brazed assemblies, targets for sputtering, and superconductor stabilizers.

 

2. ETP C110 Round Bar & Square Bar

Material: Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (C11000).

Form: Round and square solid bars.

Key Feature: The standard, most economical industrial copper with 100% IACS conductivity.

Why it's Special: Best balance of conductivity, formability, and cost. Can be supplied in various tempers (annealed to hard).

Typical Use: General-purpose machined electrical components, busbars (from square bar), grounding rods, decorative metalwork, and forgings. Not for high-temp hydrogen environments.

 

3. ETP C110 Square Edge Bus Bar & Round Edge Bus Bar

Material: Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (C11000).

Form: Rectangular flat bar specifically marketed for electrical power distribution.

Square Edge: Sharp 90° corners. Maximizes cross-sectional area (and current capacity) for a given dimension.

Round Edge/Full-Round Edge: Corners are rounded for safety (reduces risk of cuts, corona discharge) and easier handling.

Key Feature: Engineered for high-current, low-impedance power transfer.

Typical Use: Main power distribution in switchgear, panelboards, substations, data centers, and battery packs. Round edge is preferred in most modern installations.

 

4. Tellurium Copper C145 Round Bar

Material: C14500 (Copper with 0.4-0.7% Tellurium).

Form: Round solid bar.

Key Feature: Excellent machinability (rated 90% on the C360 free-cutting brass scale) while retaining ~95% IACS conductivity.

Why it's Special: Tellurium forms tellurides that break up chips, making it far less "gummy" than pure copper. Allows for high-speed machining, better surface finishes, and longer tool life.

Typical Use: High-volume screw machine parts like electrical connectors, plumbing fittings, nuts, and bolts where both conductivity and machinability are needed.

 

5. Beryllium Copper C172 / C173 Round Bar

Material: C17200 (Be-Cu, ~1.9% Be) / C17300 (Be-Cu with added lead for even better machinability).

Form: Round solid bar.

Key Feature: A precipitation-hardenable alloy achieving the highest strength of any copper alloy (up to 200 ksi/1380 MPa tensile).

Why it's Special: Can be supplied in solution annealed form (soft, formable) and later heat-treated to achieve extreme strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance, while maintaining good conductivity (~22% IACS) and being non-sparking.

Typical Use: Critical springs, diaphragms, bearings, and connectors in aerospace, oil & gas (non-sparking tools), and high-reliability electronics. C173 is chosen for complex machined parts.

 

6. C18200 Chromium Copper Round Bar

Material: C18200 (Copper with ~1% Chromium).

Form: Round solid bar.

Key Feature: A precipitation-hardenable alloy that combines high strength and good conductivity (~80% IACS).

Why it's Special: Can be heat-treated after forming. Offers excellent wear resistance, thermal stability, and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures compared to pure copper.

Typical Use: Resistance welding electrodes (spot/seam welding caps and tips), mold inserts for plastic injection molding, high-strength electrical switches, and thermally demanding fixtures.

 

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Quick Selection Guide

Need...	Choose...
Best conductivity, general use, lowest cost	ETP C110
Brazing or high-temp work without failure risk	OFHC C101/C102
Easy, fast machining of intricate parts	Tellurium Copper C145
Extreme strength, fatigue resistance, non-sparking	Beryllium Copper C172/C173
High strength + high conductivity + heat resistance	Chromium Copper C182
A safe, efficient bar to carry thousands of amps	ETP C110 Bus Bar (Round Edge)

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